Coitus Interruptus in the Twentieth Century

Santow, Gigi

doi:10.2307/2938413

Cited by 61 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Studies from many countries indicate that use of withdrawal is frequently underreported. 41,42 Factors that predict the choice of withdrawal over other contraceptive methods in Turkey have been examined elsewhere. [25][26][27][28] As in other studies, spouses' proxy reports on factual variables-including fertility-related items such as number of living children-showed much stronger concordance than that found for attitudinal variables, which, by definition, are more subjective.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Husband-Wife Agreement, Power Relations and Contraceptive Use in Turkey

Kulczycki¹

2008

IFPP

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There are very few couple-level studies of communication and decision making regarding contraceptive use in the Middle East. In Turkey-a predominantly Muslim nation that has a secular democracy and is undergoing considerable social change-fertility has declined significantly, men play a major role in contraceptive practice and women's position in society is increasingly contested. These factors make Turkey a particularly interesting country for couplelevel studies.Traditionally, the measurement of contraceptive use has been based solely on women's self-reports of current use. Although this is methodologically convenient, the individual and subjective experiences of partners may differ. A more comprehensive measure of a couple's contraceptive use requires information from each partner. Moreover, because contraceptive practice and fertility are interrelated, the married couple is the appropriate unit of analysis, especially in societies such as those in the Middle East, where the vast majority of contraceptive use and almost all births occur within marriage.For this region, only a few fertility and family planning surveys have collected data from men or couples. The 1992 Egyptian Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) included a subsample of husbands, and the 1992 Moroccan DHS interviewed married and unmarried men aged 20-70, but we could not identify any couple-level studies using these data. The 1985 Jordan Husbands' Fertility Survey interviewed the husbands of women who were currently married when interviewed in the 1983 Jordan Fertility and Family Health Survey. Although one study presented some comparisons of spousal reports about contraceptive knowledge and family planning attitudes from these two Jordanian surveys, 1 the comparisons were purely descriptive and limited in scope, and responses for husbands and wives were from different survey years. The 1988 Turkish Population and Health Survey collected limited data from men. A comparison of spousal reports revealed a high percentage of agreement about fertility measures, but only about three-quarters of the women knew their husbands' age and level of education (72% and 78% agreement, respectively, between spouses). 2 A decade later, the 1998 Turkish DHS collected detailed couple-level data, including data on gender expectations and attitudes from each partner, which are analyzed in the current study.This study has three objectives. First, it assesses the extent of interpartner concordance on self-reported aspects of reproductive decision making and behavior. Such an assessment may permit verification of the accuracy of either BACKGROUND Couple-Level Concurrence About Contraceptive UseThe level of spousal agreement regarding fertility and family planning remains an area of scholarly contention. Although high concurrence would be expected because of daily partner contact and common living conditions, cross-national studies of couple concurrence on contraceptive method use show frequent discrepancies between husbands' and wives' reports. [4][5][6][7][8] In one s...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Husband-Wife Agreement, Power Relations and Contraceptive Use in Turkey

Kulczycki¹

2008

IFPP

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“…This would suggest that the method is practiced as a matter of individual preference and not because of a lack of alternative methods. Santow hypothesizes that, among couples using withdrawal, there are two factors positively associated with its use: first, the degree of sex-role differentiation within marriage and, second, the belief that men hold the authority in reproductive decision-making 11 .…”

Section: Reasons For Withdrawal Usementioning

confidence: 99%

A closer look at traditional contraceptive use in Turkey

Ergocmen

Koç

Senlet³

et al. 2004

The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health

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Withdrawal is the main method used amongst couples in Turkey to prevent pregnancy. Discontinuation of use is most likely to be due to the desire to become pregnant or failure of the method. Withdrawal users are less likely to switch to another contraceptive method; however, among users who do switch, they will most likely switch to a modem method. The strongest three determinants that predict withdrawal use are using withdrawal as one's first method, the woman's age, and the husband's education. The woman's work status and the couple's ethnicity are also important predictors of withdrawal use. Family planning programs should target different segments of the population and focus on correct knowledge of all methods. Results indicate that men and women need to learn about family planning options earlier in their lives or prior to marriage.

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“…Withdrawal or coitus interruptus is one of the oldest methods of contraception which would seem to have been known and used by couples in many societies throughout the recorded history of mankind (Himes, 1936;Santow, 1993Santow, , 1995Rogow and Horowitz, 1995). It has well recorded history in the Islamic world where discussions of the use of this method (referred to as azl) can be traced back to the time of Prophet Mohammad (Musallam, 1983;Omran, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuing Use of Withdrawal as a Contraceptive Method in Iran

Aghajanian

Mehryar

Delavar

et al. 2007

CSP

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Since its establishment in 1989, the family planning program of Iran has taken great strides in raising contraceptive prevalence rate and reducing fertility. The most recent national survey conducted in 2000 indicated a contraceptive prevalence rate of 74 and a TFR of 2.0 for the country as whole. This paper reviews the latest data on the extent of use of withdrawal by Iranian couples and identifies the social and demographic characteristics of women relying on this method. It is shown that women using this traditional method are more likely to be urban, come from the more developed provinces, and have higher levels of education. The experience of unintended pregnancy among withdrawal user is not more than the women who use modern contraceptives such as the pill.Key Words: Iran, Family Planning, Contraceptive Use, Withdrawal, RésuméDepuis sa création en 1989, le programme de planification familiale en Iran a réussi à mettre en hausse la prévalence des contraceptifs et à réduire le taux de fécondité. La dernière enquête nationale conduite en l'an 2000 indique un taux de prévalence des contraceptifs à 74 et un ISF (indice synthétique de fécondité) de 2.0 dans tout le pays. Cet article révise les dernières données sur l'étendue de la méthode du retrait chez les couples iraniens et identifie les caractéristiques sociales et démographiques des femmes qui se fient à cette méthode. Il est démontré que les femmes qui se servent de cette méthode traditionnelle ont tendance à être urbaines, issues de provinces plus développées et ont un niveau d'étude plutôt élevé. Les incidences de grossesses non désirées chez les femmes qui se servent de la méthode du retrait ne sont pas plus élevées que pour celles qui se servent de méthodes contraceptives plus modernes telles que la pilule.

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Coitus Interruptus in the Twentieth Century

Cited by 61 publications

References 56 publications

Husband-Wife Agreement, Power Relations and Contraceptive Use in Turkey

Husband-Wife Agreement, Power Relations and Contraceptive Use in Turkey

A closer look at traditional contraceptive use in Turkey

Continuing Use of Withdrawal as a Contraceptive Method in Iran

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