Cold atmospheric plasma as antiviral therapy – effect on human herpes simplex virus type 1

Abstract

In previous studies, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) was explored as an antibacterial and antiviral agent for the treatment of chronic wounds. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether CAP may also be suitable as an antiviral therapy against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). HSV-1 most frequently manifests as recurrent herpes labialis, but it can also cause encephalitis, conjunctivitis or herpes neonatorum as a perinatal infection. HSV-1 encoding the reporter gene GFP was propagated. The CAP dose for HSV-1 treatment was gradually increased, ranging from 0–150 s, and aciclovir was used as a positive control. After CAP treatment, the virus suspension was applied to a standard HSV research cell line (Vero cells) and the neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y as a model for neuronal infection. The results showed that plasma treatment had a negligible antiviral effect on HSV-1 in both Vero- and SH-SY5Y cells at high dose. However, when we lowered the viral load 100-fold, we observed a significantly decreased number of internalized HSV-1 genomes 3 h post-infection for CAP-treated viruses. This difference was less pronounced with respect to GFP expression levels 24 h post-infection, which was in sharp contrast to the acyclovir-treated positive control, for which the viral load was reduced from 95 to 25%. In summary, we observed a low but measurable antiviral effect of CAP on HSV-1.

L‐lysine therapy to control the clinical evolution of pityriasis rosea: Clinical case report and literature review

“…Consideration that acyclovir acts in PR 18,29,30 as well as in Herpes Labial with the same mechanism of action and effect, 31,32 and that the amino acid L‐lysine has similar results to acyclovir, 19,20 it is suggested that L‐lysine can act positively in PR.…”

Enhanced Antiviral Function of Magnesium Chloride-Modified Heparin on a Broad Spectrum of Viruses

“…For HSV-1 virus production, a previously described bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing the HSV-1 genome was used to rescue the GFP tagged virus as previously described [ 53 ] and stored as a stock at −80 °C. The HSV-1 transduction efficiency was tested with incrementally increasing virus dosages and measured via flow cytometry analyses (Navios Flow Cytometer, Beckmann Coulter, Krefeld, Germany).…”

“…For HSV-1 virus production, a previously described bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing the HSV-1 genome was used to rescue the GFP tagged virus as previously described [53] and stored as a stock at −80 • C. The HSV-1 transduction efficiency was tested with incrementally increasing virus dosages and measured via flow cytometry analyses (Navios Flow Cytometer, Beckmann Coulter, Krefeld, Germany). Vero cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM, PAN-Biotech GmbH, Aiden-bach, Germany) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, PAN-Biotech GmbH, Aidenbach, Germany) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (PAN-Biotech GmbH, Aidenbach, Germany).…”

Comprehensive biomedical applications of low temperature plasmas

“…This change was less perceptible concerning GFP expression levels 24 h after infection, which was in strong divergence to the acyclovir-treated (positive control), in which the viral load decreased from 95 to 25%. Briefly, a slight but measurable antiviral effect of LTP on HSV-1 was observed [25].…”

“…Plasma medicine applications include treatment of oral biofilm-related infections [12,13], treatment of wounds and skin diseases [19][20][21], assistance in cancer treatment [22][23][24], treatment of viruses infections (e.g. herpes simplex [25]); as well as, but not limited to, optimization of implants surfaces [26][27][28]. Each of those applications will be discussed in this review article ( Fig.…”