Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing

Pang, Xinghuo; Ren, Lili; Wu, Shanshan; Ma, Wenping; Yang, Jian; Lin, Dachuan; Li, Jie; Xiao, Yan; Kang, Lu; Du, Shichang; Du, Jian; Wang, Jing; Li, Gang; Zhai, Shuguang; Chen, Lijuan; Wei-ping, Zhou; Lai, Shengjie; Gao, Lei; Pan, Yang; Wang, Quanyi; Li, Mingkun; Wang, Jianbin; Huang, Yanyi; Wang, Jianwei

doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa264

Cited by 190 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Although studies on isolating infectious virus in sewage are lacking, the ability to maintain infectivity in liquids makes it possible that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through sewage. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 can survive longer at low temperatures (14 days at 4°C) 155 ; therefore, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA and infectious virus in packaged seafood has highlighted the risk of faecal–oral transmission 160 .…”

Section: Potential Faecal–oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential intestinal infection and faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Guo

Tao

Flavell

et al. 2021

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

274

275

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to more than 200 countries and regions globally. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. However, reports have shown that a notable proportion of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop gastrointestinal symptoms and nearly half of patients confirmed to have COVID-19 have shown detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their faecal samples. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection reportedly alters intestinal microbiota, which correlated with the expression of inflammatory factors. Furthermore, multiple in vitro and in vivo animal studies have provided direct evidence of intestinal infection by SARS-CoV-2. These lines of evidence highlight the nature of SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection and its potential faecal–oral transmission. Here, we summarize the current findings on the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 and its possible mechanisms. We also discuss how SARS-CoV-2 gastrointestinal infection might occur and the current evidence and future studies needed to establish the occurrence of faecal–oral transmission.

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Section: Potential Faecal–oral Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential intestinal infection and faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Guo

Tao

Flavell

et al. 2021

Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol

274

275

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Though foodborne transmission was speculated as a possible risk factor in previous studies, it grabbed the attention of the regulatory authorities and the consumers only after reporting of the recent incidences of outbreak re-emergence at various places linked with cold chain transportation (Sharma et al 2020 ). Notably, the lower temperature has been associated with the spread of COVID-19 as a favourable condition, but their impact on frozen and packaged food has been greatly disregarded since the onset of this viral disease (Pang et al 2020 ). This ignorance led to the occurrence of a number of cases regarding the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in frozen foods and their potential impacts worldwide (Liu et al 2020d ; Han et al 2020b ).…”

Section: Environmental Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current understanding of the influence of environmental factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, persistence, and infectivity

Kumar

Singh

Kumari

et al. 2021

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…As the COVID-19 pandemic goes on, the full-genome based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 would become a routine approach for the control and prevention of the pandemic. Even in countries where the outbreak appears to be leveling off, such as China, continuously regional resurgence of COVID-19 has been seen [25]. Rapid recovery of viral genome and following phylogenetic analyses could determine the lineage of the virus and elucidate how the virus was spiked in and spread in local communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Pool Multiplex Long-Amplicon Amplification and Full-Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2

Liu

Lin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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BackgroundSince the first public genome of SARS-CoV-2, over 170,000 genome sequences of the virus have been shared by researchers world-wide (till November 1st 2020). Multiplex PCR targeting SARS-CoV-2 followed by massively parallel sequencing (MPS) and/or nanopore sequencing is a widely used strategy to recover the genome from primary samples. However, the bias of amplification among different amplicons should not be ignored, which might lead to uneven sequencing coverage on the viral genome.MethodsWe aim to develop a novel multiplex PCR panel to achieve an improved coverage evenness of SARS-CoV-2. We adapt long amplicons (~1000-bp) for the panel and thus reduced the number of primer pairs. The panel was validated with clinical samples and sequenced via MPS sequencing systems and a portable nanopore sequencing device MinION. We evaluated the full-genome coverage evenness and its dependence on viral loads of the long amplicon panel; we then compared it with a 98-plex panel provided by the ARTIC network. The accuracy to identify viral genomic variations based on the panel and sequencing with MinION was assessed.ResultsWe developed a two-pool 36-plex panel for full-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2, whose amplicon size ranged from 880 to 1027 bp. For samples with a <30 Ct value, >90% viral genome could be recovered with a high sequencing depth (>0.2 mean depth) by using the long-amplicon panel (n = 36), compared with 79-88% highly covered genome region for the ARTIC panel (n = 5). The coverage evenness of the long-amplicon panel was also less affected by low viral titers and not dependent on sequencing data amount. With MinION sequencing, the consensus viral genomes could be reliably recovered. However, a high false positive rate was observed to identify sub-clonal genomic variations with a <0.6 frequency.ConclusionA novel multiplex PCR panel for full-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 with improved coverage evenness and low requirement of data throughput was validated with clinical samples. Amplification of SARS-CoV-2 with the panel followed by MinION sequencing could generate reliable consensus genome sequences, but the detection of non-dominating viral populations within host is error-prone.

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Cold-chain food contamination as the possible origin of COVID-19 resurgence in Beijing

Cited by 190 publications

References 7 publications

Potential intestinal infection and faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Potential intestinal infection and faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2

Current understanding of the influence of environmental factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, persistence, and infectivity

Two-Pool Multiplex Long-Amplicon Amplification and Full-Genome Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2

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