Cold flow properties of biodiesel: a guide to getting an accurate analysis

Dunn, Robert O.

doi:10.1080/17597269.2015.1057791

Cited by 23 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For this reason, most biodiesel fuels develop flow problems when ambient temperatures approach 0-2 • C. When the temperature drops to this level, the high melting point saturated FAME nucleate and form large crystal agglomerations that clog fuel filters and lines, which ultimately leads to engine failure. In contrast, petrodiesel develops flow problems at a much lower temperature range, such as −11 • C to −20 • C [17]. For instance, biodiesel produced from Karanja seed oil showed the following fuel properties: acid value (AV; 0.5 mg KOH/g), cloud point (CP; 19 • C), pour point (PP; 15 • C), and density (0.88 g/mL) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

et al. 2021

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Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (Tamarind indica) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

et al. 2021

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“…and Bello, 2016 but lower than that of rapeseed oil (58.00); palm oil (65.00); lard (65) and beef tallow (75) reported by Hilber et al [40], [52].…”

Section: (Viii) Cloud and Pour Pointsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from <i>Moringa Oleifera</i> Seed Oil

Ugbede¹,

Jumoke²,

Abdullahi³

2021

AJCHE

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Environmental challenges and high cost of fossil fuel has made Biodiesel gained more recognition as alternative fuel. In this study, heterogeneous catalyst was developed via dealumination of Ukpor clay and calcined snail shells. Basicity, morphology, textural characteristics among other properties of catalyst were studied using XRF, FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDS, BET, XPS and TGA analyses. The optimization of Moringa Oleifera seed oil biodiesel production was carried out via Central Composite Rotatable Design matrix (CCRD) and Response Surface Methodology (RMS). The variables investigated were temperature, time, catalyst concentration and agitation speed. Biodiesel samples were separated from reactant and impurities via decantation and distillation processes. At a combination of 240min, 300°C, 4.0wt%, and 300rpm of time, temperature, catalyst concentration and agitation speed, the maximum yield of 45.50% was obtained. The FTIR, GC-MS and characteristics of the biodiesel produced conform to ASTM standards. The statistical model developed for the effects and percentage contributions of the optimization variables is in the form of; Yield = +25.85 + 5.88*A + 3.19*B -2.60*C + 0.71*D + 2.29 *A*B + 1.67 *A*C -0.069*A*D+2.54*B*C + 0.66*B*D -2.27*C*D + 0.14*A 2 + 2.12 *B 2 + 1.49*C 2 -0.78*D 2 while the reaction obeys first order kinetics, the reaction proceeds faster at elevated temperatures. The calculated activation (E a ) recorded is 2.94 kJmol -1 K -1 .

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“…The cloud point is the temperature at which crystals first appear in the fuel when cooled [ 36 ]. At temperatures below CP, larger crystals fuse together and form large agglomerates that can restrict or cut off flow through fuel lines and filters and cause start-up and performance problems the next morning [ 37 ]. The temperature at which crystal agglomeration is extensive enough to prevent free pouring of fluid is determined by measurement of its pour point [ 38 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel Production by Aspergillus niger Lipase Immobilized on Barium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

et al. 2016

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In this study, Aspergillus niger ADM110 fungi was gamma irradiated to produce lipase enzyme and then immobilized onto magnetic barium ferrite nanoparticles (BFN) for biodiesel production. BFN were prepared by the citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis of X-ray (SEM/EDAX) analysis. The activities of free and immobilized lipase were measured at various pH and temperature values. The results indicate that BFN–Lipase (5%) can be reused in biodiesel production without any treatment with 17% loss of activity after five cycles and 66% loss in activity in the sixth cycle. The optimum reaction conditions for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil (WCO) using lipase immobilized onto BFN as a catalyst were 45 °C, 4 h and 400 rpm. Acid values of WCO and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were 1.90 and 0.182 (mg KOH/g oil), respectively. The measured flash point, calorific value and cetane number were 188 °C, 43.1 MJ/Kg and 59.5, respectively. The cloud point (−3 °C), pour point (−9 °C), water content (0.091%) and sulfur content (0.050%), were estimated as well.

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Cold flow properties of biodiesel: a guide to getting an accurate analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 67 publications

Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from <i>Moringa Oleifera</i> Seed Oil

Biodiesel Production by Aspergillus niger Lipase Immobilized on Barium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Cold flow properties of biodiesel: a guide to getting an accurate analysis

Cited by 23 publications

References 67 publications

Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from &lt;i&gt;Moringa Oleifera&lt;/i&gt; Seed Oil

Biodiesel Production by Aspergillus niger Lipase Immobilized on Barium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from <i>Moringa Oleifera</i> Seed Oil