Cold-hardiness of wolf-spiders (lycosidae, araneae) with particular reference to Pardosa pullata (clerck)

Bayram, Abdullah; Luff, M. L.

doi:10.1016/0306-4565(93)90012-i

Cited by 11 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Using spiders as an illustrative example of the resident fauna in our study areas, it is possible to show the potential effect that fine‐scale microclimates can have on real‐world distributions. Pardosa pullata has a mean supercooling point of −4.67°C (Bayram and Luff 1993). According to the nearest UKMO meteorological station to Skipwith (at Cawood), absolute minimum temperatures in January 2009 dropped to a low of −4.3°C, suggesting that the species could potentially persist throughout the month.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat microclimates drive fine‐scale variation in extreme temperatures

Suggitt

Gillingham

Hill

et al. 2010

Oikos

434

421

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Most multicellular terrestrial organisms experience climate at scales of millimetres to metres, yet most species‐climate associations are analysed at resolutions of kilometres or more. Because individuals experience heterogeneous microclimates in the landscape, species sometimes survive where the average background climate appears unsuitable, and equally may be eliminated from sites within apparently suitable grid cells where microclimatic extremes are intolerable. Local vegetation structure and topography can be important determinants of fine‐resolution microclimate, but a literature search revealed that the vast majority of bioclimate studies do not include fine‐scale habitat information, let alone a representation of how habitat affects microclimate. In this paper, we show that habitat type (grassland, heathland, deciduous woodland) is a major modifier of the temperature extremes experienced by organisms. We recorded differences among these habitats of more than 5°C in monthly temperature maxima and minima, and of 10°C in thermal range, on a par with the level of warming expected for extreme future climate change scenarios. Comparable differences were found in relation to variation in local topography (slope and aspect). Hence, we argue that the microclimatic effects of habitat and topography must be included in studies if we are to obtain sufficiently detailed projections of the ecological impacts of climate change to develop detailed adaptation strategies for the conservation of biodiversity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat microclimates drive fine‐scale variation in extreme temperatures

Suggitt

Gillingham

Hill

et al. 2010

Oikos

434

421

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The available literature on cold tolerance of North American and European species generally indicates relatively limited tolerance of sub-zero temperatures (e.g. Duman, 1979;Bayram and Luff, 1993;Cramer and Mayright, 2008;Murphy et al, 2008). Their survival here of temperatures as low as -24°C, and in the absence of any habitat protection through snow, was unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their survival here of temperatures as low as -24°C, and in the absence of any habitat protection through snow, was unexpected. Spiders, as with mites, are thought to be generally freeze-avoiding, and it has been noted that smaller temperate species such as the Linyphiidae have lower supercooling points than species from families where individuals are typically larger (Bayram and Luff, 1993). The Lyniphidae are the dominant spider family in Arctic terrestrial habitats (Coulson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survival of rapidly fluctuating natural low winter temperatures by High Arctic soil invertebrates

Convey

Abbandonato

Bergan

et al. 2015

Journal of Thermal Biology

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The extreme polar environment creates challenges for the resident invertebrate communities and the stress tolerance of some of these animals has been examined over many years. However, although it is well appreciated that standard air temperature records often fail to describe accurately conditions experienced at microhabitat level, few studies have explicitly set out to link field conditions experienced by natural multispecies communities with the more detailed laboratory ecophysiological studies of a small number of 'representative' species. This is particularly the case during winter, when snow cover may insulate terrestrial habitats from 3 extreme air temperature fluctuations. Further, climate projections suggest large changes in precipitation will occur in the polar regions, with the greatest changes expected during the winter period and, hence, implications for the insulation of overwintering microhabitats. To assess survival of natural High Arctic soil invertebrate communities contained in soil and vegetation cores to natural winter temperature variations, the overwintering temperatures they experienced were manipulated by deploying cores in locations with varying snow accumulation: No Snow, Shallow Snow (30cm) and Deep Snow (120cm). Air temperatures during the winter period fluctuated frequently between +3 and -24°C, and the No Snow soil temperatures reflected this variation closely, with the extreme minimum being slightly lower. Under 30cm of snow, soil temperatures varied less and did not decrease below -12°C. Those under deep snow were even more stable and did not decline below -2°C. Despite these striking differences in winter thermal regimes, there were no clear differences in survival of the invertebrate fauna between treatments, including oribatid, prostigmatid and mesostigmatid mites, Araneae, Collembola, Nematocera larvae or Coleoptera. This indicates widespread tolerance, previously undocumented for the Araneae, Nematocera or Coleoptera, of both direct exposure to at least -24°C and the rapid and large temperature fluctuations. These results suggest that the studied polar soil invertebrate community may be robust to at least one important predicted consequence of projected climate change.

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“…In many cases, feeding causes SCP to increase in invertebrates (e.g., Hiiesaar et al, 2009;Woodman, 2012), because gut contents are an excellent source of ice nucleators (Salt, 1968;Somme, 1982;Bayram & Luff, 1993;Tanaka & Watanabe, 1996). Interestingly, this was not evident in S. ocreata after consuming variable quantities of prey, given that no difference in SCP was recorded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…For example, the most common cryoprotectant found in Arthropoda is glycerol, which is highly viscous and slows hemolymph circulation, resulting in sluggish behavior (Husby & Zachariassen, 1980;Zachariassen, 1985). Although such chemicals are widely incorporated in torpid arthropods undergoing diapause as an overwintering strategy, this would be disadvantageous for winter-active species needing to function at a higher metabolic rate (Duman, 1977;Husby & Zachariassen, 1980;Aitchison, 1987;Bayram & Luff, 1993). Some winter-active invertebrates probably overcome this obstacle by accumulating antifreeze proteins instead of polyols (Duman, 1979;Husby & Zachariassen, 1980), but this is unlikely in Schizocosa spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Tradeoff in two winter‐active wolf spiders: increased mortality for increased growth

Whitney

Philip

Harwood

2014

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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A number of arthropods, including some spiders, forgo diapause as an overwintering strategy and are instead active at low temperatures. The higher metabolic rates and periodic foraging behavior associated with winter activity, however, can be incompatible with high levels of freeze avoidance. This is thought to be due, in part, to increased ice nucleators in the gut after feeding events and physiological complications brought on by accumulating certain cryoprotectants. To characterize the relationship between winter activity and cold hardiness, this study quantified the seasonal resistance to freezing in two common wolf spiders of hardwood forests in the eastern USA, Schizocosa ocreata (Hentz) and Schizocosa stridulans (Stratton) (Araneae: Lycosidae). Individual spiders were collected from a deciduous forest in Kentucky from August 2012 to March 2013 and were subjected to supercooling point (SCP) determination assays. Contrary to many invertebrates with high cold hardiness, mean SCP of S. ocreata and S. stridulans remained constant throughout the study, which we subsequently determined was their lower lethal temperature. Interestingly, daily low temperatures within the leaf litter occasionally fell below the mean SCP of the spiders, subjecting them to a significant risk of freezing during winter. To determine whether this high risk was a result of winter predation, we fed spiders varying quantities of prey, but found no significant association between consumption and SCP. Despite exposure to potentially lethal temperatures, Schizocosa did not seasonally augment their cold hardiness to better survive. This suggests an ecological tradeoff, where these spiders appear to assume increased mortality risk in exchange for maximized growth opportunity during a time of year when few competitors are active. We posit that the increased fitness benefits associated with early maturation and larger size in spring help to sustain these abundant spider populations.

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Cold-hardiness of wolf-spiders (lycosidae, araneae) with particular reference to Pardosa pullata (clerck)

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Habitat microclimates drive fine‐scale variation in extreme temperatures

Habitat microclimates drive fine‐scale variation in extreme temperatures

Survival of rapidly fluctuating natural low winter temperatures by High Arctic soil invertebrates

Tradeoff in two winter‐active wolf spiders: increased mortality for increased growth

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