Cold sintering ZnO based varistor ceramics with controlled grain growth to realize superior breakdown electric field

Zhao, Xuetong; Liang, Jie; Sun, Jiankun; Guo, Jing; Dursun, Sinan; Wang, Ke; Randall, Clive A.

doi:10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2020.09.023

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In order to exhibit meaningful ionic conductivity, ceramic solid electrolytes such as LLTO, Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 , and Li 1+ x Al x Ti 2− x (PO 4 ) 3 need to be densified through sintering at elevated temperatures 37 . If a ceramic contains volatile elements like Li, K, and Bi, it would lose these elements at the high sintering temperatures, preferentially through grain boundaries 38 – 40 . As a result, the grain-boundary cores in most ceramic solid electrolytes should be Li-poor like those in LLTO, and would thereby degrade the Li + migration efficiency through a similar mechanism.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale study clarifying the role of space-charge layers in a Li-ion-conducting solid electrolyte

Zhu

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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Space-charge layers are frequently believed responsible for the large resistance of different interfaces in all-solid-state Li batteries. However, such propositions are based on the presumed existence of a Li-deficient space-charge layer with insufficient charge carriers, instead of a comprehensive investigation on the atomic configuration and its ion transport behavior. Consequently, the real influence of space-charge layers remains elusive. Here, we clarify the role of space-charge layers in Li0.33La0.56TiO3, a prototype solid electrolyte with large grain-boundary resistance, through a combined experimental and computational study at the atomic scale. In contrast to previous speculations, we do not observe the Li-deficient space-charge layers commonly believed to result in large resistance. Instead, the actual space-charge layers are Li-excess; accommodating the additional Li+ at the 3c interstitials, such space-charge layers allow for rather efficient ion transport. With the space-charge layers excluded from the potential bottlenecks, we identify the Li-depleted grain-boundary cores as the major cause for the large grain-boundary resistance in Li0.33La0.56TiO3.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic-scale study clarifying the role of space-charge layers in a Li-ion-conducting solid electrolyte

Zhu

et al. 2023

Nat Commun

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“…Figure 4c, Figure S6 and Table S9 (Supporting for the charges, which can improve the electrical properties of composites [55]. It is pointed out that the overall performances of varistors are generally enhanced with thinner grain boundaries [56]. Therefore, it is inferred that the structures of the complex grain boundaries of the composites dominate the unique electrical performances, such as the ultra-high Eb and switchlike effect.…”

Section: The Microstructures Leading To Ultra-high Breakdown Performa...mentioning

confidence: 95%

Cold sintered composites consisting of PEEK and metal oxides with improved electrical properties via the hybrid interfaces

Guo

Hao

et al. 2021

Composites Part B: Engineering

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“…Among alternative methods, cold sintering is selected because of its very simple process; it employs an extraordinarily low temperature of <300 °C and several hundred MPa of pressure in an open system where reactive solvents are not essential. The cold sintering technique was developed by the Randall group in 2016 and has recently been applied to multiple fields, such as batteries, catalysts, varistors, and electrolytes. − As the processing temperature is significantly lower than that of conventional sintering (>1000 °C), cold sintering results in the formation of fewer defects and no cracks in the material, which improves the efficiency of a device and opens the chance for the development of a ceramic–polymer composite system …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Cold Sintering on the Performance of Zeolite 13X as a Consolidated Adsorbent for Cesium

Lee

Kim

Akmal

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Cold sintering, a novel low-temperature consolidation technique, has shown promising results in various inorganic materials. However, the application of this technique to nanoporous materials for energy and environmental fields is not yet fully understood. This study investigates the effects of cold sintering on the relative densities, compressive strengths, chemical durabilities, crystal structures, specific surface areas, and adsorption capacities of zeolites. Cold sintering at 200 °C achieved 10 to 20% greater densification than conventional high temperature (700 °C) sintering; however, the original nanoporous structure of dry cold sintered zeolite was not maintained. Introducing liquid agents during the cold sintering process resulted in reduced degradation of the SSA and increased densification. Using NaOH as the liquid agent increased the solubility of elements in zeolite, which promoted chemical mobility and achieved the highest relative density (96.7 ± 2.8%). However, soluble layers between the particles led to fragmentation, making it unsuitable for aqueous applications. Using H 2 O as the liquid agent resulted in a relative density of 90.4 ± 4.1% while maintaining the nanoporous properties and structural integrity of zeolite under water. The cesium adsorption capacity (19.0 ± 0.1 mg•g −1 ) was similar to that of conventional zeolite ion exchangers, indicating that cold sintering with H 2 O was an efficient, economical, and safer alternative to conventional high-temperature consolidation method. Our findings suggest that this cold sintering can be applied to other nanoporous materials, such as metal−organic frameworks and covalent organic frameworks, in separation, catalysis, and adsorption applications.

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Cold sintering ZnO based varistor ceramics with controlled grain growth to realize superior breakdown electric field

Cited by 33 publications

References 40 publications

Atomic-scale study clarifying the role of space-charge layers in a Li-ion-conducting solid electrolyte

Atomic-scale study clarifying the role of space-charge layers in a Li-ion-conducting solid electrolyte

Cold sintered composites consisting of PEEK and metal oxides with improved electrical properties via the hybrid interfaces

Effects of Cold Sintering on the Performance of Zeolite 13X as a Consolidated Adsorbent for Cesium

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