Cold Stress Responses in Mesophilic Bacteria

Precursor and temperature modulation of fatty acid composition and growth of Listeria monocytogenes cold-sensitive mutants with transposon-interrupted branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase

“…Low temperature has profound effects on all aspects of microbial cell structure and function, involving the structural integrity of macromolecules, macromolecular assemblies, protein synthesis and nutrient uptake (Panoff et al, 1998;Weber & Marahiel, 2002 Two Tn917 transposon-induced mutants (cld-1 and cld-2) have lost the ability to grow at 4 u C on solid media, but are not defective in the induction of cold-shock proteins (Bayles et al, 1996). These mutants are deficient in the production of odd-numbered BCFAs, and exhibit atypical amounts of even-numbered straight-chain and iso-BCFAs (Annous et al , 1997;Edgcomb et al, 2000).…”

“…Low temperature has profound effects on all aspects of microbial cell structure and function, involving the structural integrity of macromolecules, macromolecular assemblies, protein synthesis and nutrient uptake (Panoff et al, 1998;Weber & Marahiel, 2002). Small, nucleic-acidbinding, cold-shock proteins play key roles in resuming growth under cold shock (Panoff et al, 1998).…”

“…The ability of L. monocytogenes to grow at refrigeration temperatures is a critical aspect of its role as a food-borne pathogen, since refrigeration temperature inhibits the growth of most other food-borne pathogens (Bryan, 2004). However, the underlying psychrotolerance mechanism is not completely understood, and a better understanding may result in a novel strategy for controlling the growth of L. monocytogenes at low temperatures.Low temperature has profound effects on all aspects of microbial cell structure and function, involving the structural integrity of macromolecules, macromolecular assemblies, protein synthesis and nutrient uptake (Panoff et al, 1998;Weber & Marahiel, 2002 Two Tn917 transposon-induced mutants (cld-1 and cld-2) have lost the ability to grow at 4 u C on solid media, but are not defective in the induction of cold-shock proteins (Bayles et al, 1996). These mutants are deficient in the production of odd-numbered BCFAs, and exhibit atypical amounts of even-numbered straight-chain and iso-BCFAs (Annous et al , 1997;Edgcomb et al, 2000).…”

Regulation of gene expression at low temperature: role of cold-inducible promoters

“…Several cold-inducible genes in bacteria are known to contain a cold-box element within the 59 UTR (Graumann et al, 1997;Graumann & Marahiel, 1998;Panoff et al, 1998;Phadtare et al, 1999;Singh et al, 2009;Thieringer et al, 1998;Yamanaka et al, 1998) and the cold-box sequences are conserved (Fig. 3).…”

Response to Environmental Stress as a Global Phenomenon in Biology: the Example of Microorganisms

“…(1) Physiological adaptation Physiological adaptation (reversible and not heritable) corresponds to a transient increase in resistance to a lethal stress by mild stress pre-treatment, homologous or heterologous 43) (cross protection); homologous adaptations have been extensively studied in different microorganisms such as Enteroccocus faecalis, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus and Geotrichum candidum 42,44,61,62) . Furthermore, heterologous adaptation to cold stress has been described on pretreatment with chemicals such as antibiotics, osmotic agents and cryoprotective agents 14,42) .…”