Cold stress stimulates algae to produce value-added compounds

Lindberg, Annelie; Niemi, Calle; Takahashi, Joji; Sellstedt, Anita; Gentili, Francesco G.

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101145

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Two-sample t-tests were used to determine statistically significant differences in total fatty acid quantities depending on culture conditions. A large difference was found between culture temperatures, with fatty acid contents in cultures grown at 5° on average being close to three times higher (15.06 ± 2.21 %DW) than corresponding cultures grown at 22° (6.38 ± 1.40 %DW), t(8) = 8.106, p < 0.01, an effect that has been described in these strains by Lindberg et al [ 40 ]. The total fatty acid contents did not change to a statistically significant extent depending on culture medium where all other culture conditions remained the same, with Chlorella vulgaris showing minor differences (WW = 8.77 ± 0.02, BBM = 10.53 ± 1.43 %DW), t(2) = 2.139, p = 0.166, and Scenedesmus obliquus remaining largely unchanged (WW = 6.20 ± 0.40, BBM = 6.69 ± 0.16 %DW), t(2) = 1.964, p = 0.144.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Fatty acid analysis in microalgal mono- and polycultures using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares analysis

Niemi,

Gentili

2024

Heliyon

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 52%

Fatty acid analysis in microalgal mono- and polycultures using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares analysis

Niemi,

Gentili

2024

Heliyon

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“…Sucrose for example has been shown to directly protect cell membranes by interacting with phosphate in lipid headgroups, decreasing membrane permeability (Strauss & Hauser, 1986), and, as was shown for Arabidopsis thaliana, oligosaccharides of the raffinose family can protect inner chloroplast membranes (Nägele & Heyer, 2013). An increased synthesis of raffinose was also observed in algae at low temperatures (Lindberg et al, 2022). Furthermore, the contribution of several soluble sugars as part of the ROS scavenging system to protect against oxidative stress was described for higher plants (Couée et al, 2006;Tarkowski & Van den Ende, 2015;Van den Ende & Valluru, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…This reaction was observed, for example, in cold‐tolerant Chlorella vulgaris . Long‐term low‐temperature cultures, as well as short‐term low‐temperature treatments, caused accumulation of mainly sucrose and, to a lesser extent, glucose and raffinose in cells (Lindberg et al, 2022; Salerno & Pontis, 1989). Another Chlorella species from temperate regions also demonstrated a decrease in the content of cell soluble sugars with increasing (from 9 to 27°C) temperature of the culture (Cao et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of temperature acclimatisation in the psychrotolerant green alga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C‐169 (Trebouxiophyceae)

Kania,

Drożak,

Borkowski

et al. 2023

Physiologia Plantarum

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Despite the interest in different temperature acclimatisations of higher plants, few studies have considered the mechanisms that allow psychrotolerant microalgae to live in a cold environment. Although the analysis of the genomes of some algae revealed the presence of specific genes that encode enzymes that can be involved in the response to stress, this area has not been explored deeply. This work aims to clarify the acclimatisation mechanisms that enable the psychrotolerant green alga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C‐169 to grow in a broad temperature spectrum. The contents of various biochemical compounds in cells, the lipid composition of the biological membranes of entire cells, and the thylakoid fraction as well as the electron transport rate and PSII efficiency were investigated. The results demonstrate an acclimatisation mechanism that is specific for C. subellipsoidea and that allows the maintenance of appropriate membrane fluidity, for example, in thylakoid membranes. It is achieved almost exclusively by changes within the unsaturated fatty acid pool, like changes from C18:2 into C18:3 and C16:2 into C16:3 or vice versa. This ensures, for example, an effective transport rate through PSII and in consequence a maximum quantum yield of it in cells growing at different temperatures. Furthermore, reactions characteristic for both psychrotolerant and mesophilic microalgae, involving the accumulation of lipids and soluble sugars in cells at temperatures other than optimal, were observed. These findings add substantially to our understanding of the acclimatisation of psychrotolerant organisms to a wide range of temperatures and prove that this process could be accomplished in a species‐specific manner.

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“…when the temperature decreased (Xin et al, 2011). Lindberg et al (2022) grew Scenedesmus sp . B2‐2 at 5°C and observed an increase in the total fatty acid methyl ester content when compared to the control that was grown at 22°C (Lindberg et al, 2022).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptomic analysis of a cold‐resistant Nordic microalga: unraveling the mechanisms underlying adaptation to low temperatures

Spain,

Bajhaiya,

Tanner

et al. 2024

Physiologia Plantarum

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Cold stress imposes a great physiological impact on most photosynthetic organisms. The acclimation to cold is very poorly studied in microalgae, even though understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying their cold tolerance has implications for biotechnological applications, such as the development of cold‐tolerant strains for industrial purposes. Scenedesmus sp. B2‐2 is a Nordic strain of green freshwater microalgae that thrives in cold conditions. Here, we analyzed transcriptomic changes of B2‐2 when exposed to the cold (5°C) and compared it to a control grown at 25°C. The aim was to understand more about the mechanisms underlying B2‐2's adaptation to low temperatures. We studied differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to lipid synthesis, carbon metabolism and photosynthesis. Scenedesmus sp. B2‐2 produced more lipids when exposed to cold conditions and did not reduce its carbon metabolism or photosynthetic processes. 24 putative cold‐responsive genes were found to be non‐responsive in Scenedesmus sp. B2‐2 when grown at 5°C. These genes could serve as targets for genetic engineering to enhance cold tolerance in algal strains used in biotechnology. We also studied B2‐2´s cell wall changes in response to cold by measuring cell wall thickness at 1, 4, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 240 hours of cold exposure and correlating the results to the transcriptomic data. The results show that the cell wall thickens with increased duration of cold exposure. Several glycosyltransferases were found to be significantly up‐regulated throughout cold exposure and may play a role in cell wall thickening.

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Cold stress stimulates algae to produce value-added compounds

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Fatty acid analysis in microalgal mono- and polycultures using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares analysis

Fatty acid analysis in microalgal mono- and polycultures using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares analysis

Mechanisms of temperature acclimatisation in the psychrotolerant green alga Coccomyxa subellipsoidea C‐169 (Trebouxiophyceae)

Transcriptomic analysis of a cold‐resistant Nordic microalga: unraveling the mechanisms underlying adaptation to low temperatures

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