Cold temperature preference in bacterially infected Drosophila melanogaster improves survival but is remarkably suboptimal

Fedorka, Kenneth M.; Kutch, Ian C.; Collins, Louisa; Musto, Edward

doi:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2016.08.005

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Indeed, lytic activity has previously been shown to vary less than PO activity, with the relative constancy having been primarily attributed to limited phenotypic plasticity in this trait (Triggs and Knell, 2012;McNamara et al, 2013a). Consistent with our observations on PP (but not the other two species), host plant has been shown to affect antimicrobial activity in a moth (Lobesia botrana; Vogelweith et al, 2013b) and lytic activity has been found to increase with temperature in Drosophila (Lazzaro et al, 2008;Fedorka et al, 2016). We are unaware of any studies showing among-population variation in lytic activity in insects, although a lack of variation has been reported for a crustacean (Daphnia magna; Mucklow et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sources of variance in immunological traits: evidence of congruent latitudinal trends across species

Meister

Tammaru

Sandre

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Among-population differences in immunological traits allow assessment of both evolutionary and plastic changes in organisms' resistance to pathogens. Such knowledge also provides information necessary to predict responses of such traits to environmental changes. Studies on latitudinal trends in insect immunity have so far yielded contradictory results, suggesting that multispecies approaches with highly standardised experimental conditions are needed. Here, we studied among-population differences of two parameters reflecting constitutive immunity-phenoloxidase (PO) and lytic activity, using common-garden design on three distantly related moth species represented by populations ranging from northern Finland to Georgia (Caucasus). The larvae were reared at different temperatures and on different host plants under a crossed factors experimental design. Haemolymph samples for measurement of immune status were taken from the larvae strictly synchronously. Clear among-population differences could be shown only for PO activity in one species (elevated activity in the northern populations). There was some indication that the cases of total absence of lytic activity were more common in southern populations. The effects of temperature, host and sex on the immunological traits studied remained highly species specific. Some evidence was found that lytic activity may be involved in mediating trade-offs between immunity and larval growth performance. In contrast, PO activity rarely covaried with fitness-related traits, and neither were the values of PO and lytic activity correlated with each other. The relatively inconsistent nature of the detected patterns suggests that studies on geographic differences in immunological traits should involve multiple species, and rely on several immunological indices if general trends are a point of interest.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Sources of variance in immunological traits: evidence of congruent latitudinal trends across species

Meister

Tammaru

Sandre

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Similarly, but less dramatically w MelCS, the progenitor of w MelPop, is also costly by reducing host lifespan due to high symbiont densities at 25°C (Chrostek et al ., ). We, therefore, speculate that the adjustment of lower temperature preference in D. melanogaster as a response to the w MelCS and w MelPop infections represents a physiological self‐medicating behaviour or behavioural chill (Fedorka et al ., ) to attenuate the fitness costs associated with deleterious effects of Wolbachia over‐proliferation and high cell densities (Chrostek et al ., ; Strunov et al ., , b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Host-symbiont conflicts may arise from disparities between physiological requirements of Wolbachia and those of their hosts. For example, some insects induce behavioural fever (Louis et al, 1986) or behavioural chill (Fedorka et al, 2016) as an immune strategy to fight bacterial pathogen infections. Conversely, some bacterial symbionts are known to alter their host's thermal tolerance range in an adaptive manner (Russell and Moran, 2006;Dunbar et al, 2007; reviewed by Wernegreen, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wolbachia modifies thermal preference in Drosophila melanogaster

Truitt

Kapun

Kaur

et al. 2018

Environmental Microbiology

100

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Environmental variation can have profound and direct effects on fitness, fecundity, and host-symbiont interactions. Replication rates of microbes within arthropod hosts, for example, are correlated with incubation temperature but less is known about the influence of host-symbiont dynamics on environmental preference. Hence, we conducted thermal preference (T ) assays and tested if infection status and genetic variation in endosymbiont bacterium Wolbachia affected temperature choice of Drosophila melanogaster. We demonstrate that isogenic flies infected with Wolbachia preferred lower temperatures compared with uninfected Drosophila. Moreover, T varied with respect to three investigated Wolbachia variants (wMel, wMelCS, and wMelPop). While uninfected individuals preferred 24.4°C, we found significant shifts of -1.2°C in wMel- and -4°C in flies infected either with wMelCS or wMelPop. We, therefore, postulate that Wolbachia-associated T variation within a host species might represent a behavioural accommodation to host-symbiont interactions and trigger behavioural self-medication and bacterial titre regulation by the host.

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“…Rapid fluctuations that shift hosts away from temperatures to which they have been acclimated have been identified as a potential driver of changes in host susceptibility (Fedorka et al 2016;Cohen et al 2017). When temperature changes occur for both hosts and parasites, differences in their abilities to acclimate or adapt will be important.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection Outcomes are Robust to Thermal Variability in a Bumble Bee Host–Parasite System

Tobin

Calhoun

Hallahan

et al. 2019

Integrative and Comparative Biology

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Climate change-related increases in thermal variability and rapid temperature shifts will affect organisms in multiple ways, including imposing physiological stress. Furthermore, the effects of temperature may alter the outcome of biotic interactions, such as those with pathogens and parasites. In the context of host–parasite interactions, the beneficial acclimation hypothesis posits that shifts away from acclimation or optimum performance temperatures will impose physiological stress on hosts and will affect their ability to resist parasite infection. We investigated the beneficial acclimation hypothesis in a bumble bee–trypanosome parasite system. Freshly emerged adult worker bumble bees, Bombus impatiens, were acclimated to 21, 26, or 29°C. They were subsequently experimentally exposed to the parasite, Crithidia bombi, and placed in a performance temperature that was the same as the acclimation temperature (constant) or one of the other temperatures (mismatched). Prevalence of parasite transmission was checked 4 and 6 days post-parasite exposure, and infection intensity in the gut was quantified at 8 days post-exposure. Parasite strain, host colony, and host size had significant effects on transmission prevalence and infection load. However, neither transmission nor infection intensity were significantly different between constant and mismatched thermal regimes. Furthermore, acclimation temperature, performance temperature, and the interaction of acclimation and performance temperatures had no significant effects on infection outcomes. These results, counter to predictions of the beneficial acclimation hypothesis, suggest that infection outcomes in this host–parasite system are robust to thermal variation within typically experienced ranges. This could be a consequence of adaptation to commonly experienced natural thermal regimes or a result of individual and colony level heterothermy in bumble bees. However, thermal variability may still have a detrimental effect on more sensitive stages or species, or when extreme climatic events push temperatures outside of the normally experienced range.

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Cold temperature preference in bacterially infected Drosophila melanogaster improves survival but is remarkably suboptimal

Cited by 28 publications

References 26 publications

Sources of variance in immunological traits: evidence of congruent latitudinal trends across species

Sources of variance in immunological traits: evidence of congruent latitudinal trends across species

Wolbachia modifies thermal preference in Drosophila melanogaster

Infection Outcomes are Robust to Thermal Variability in a Bumble Bee Host–Parasite System

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