2016
DOI: 10.1128/aac.02927-15
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Colistin and Polymyxin B Dosage Regimens against Acinetobacter baumannii: Differences in Activity and the Emergence of Resistance

Abstract: dInfections caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are a major public health problem, and polymyxins are often the last line of therapy for recalcitrant infections by such isolates. The pharmacokinetics of the two clinically used polymyxins, polymyxin B and colistin, differ considerably, since colistin is administered as an inactive prodrug that undergoes slow conversion to colistin. However, the impact of these substantial pharmacokinetic differences on bacterial killing and resistance emergenc… Show more

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Cited by 73 publications
(52 citation statements)
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“…Even when a CMS loading dose is utilized, optimal plasma concentrations of formed colistin cannot be rapidly achieved (9,13). Conversely, intravenous infusion of polymyxin B allows rapid attainment of relatively higher plasma concentrations (2.38 to 13.9 mg/liter) (13,14). Although PK of polymyxin B in plasma following intravenous administration has been examined previously, very limited PK data are available for polymyxin B in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following pulmonary or intravenous administration.…”
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confidence: 99%
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“…Even when a CMS loading dose is utilized, optimal plasma concentrations of formed colistin cannot be rapidly achieved (9,13). Conversely, intravenous infusion of polymyxin B allows rapid attainment of relatively higher plasma concentrations (2.38 to 13.9 mg/liter) (13,14). Although PK of polymyxin B in plasma following intravenous administration has been examined previously, very limited PK data are available for polymyxin B in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) following pulmonary or intravenous administration.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In patients with cystic fibrosis, the maximum plasma concentration (C max, Plasma ) of formed colistin following parenteral CMS (150 mg colistin base activity) ranged from 0.40 to 0.77 mg/liter (12). Even when a CMS loading dose is utilized, optimal plasma concentrations of formed colistin cannot be rapidly achieved (9,13). Conversely, intravenous infusion of polymyxin B allows rapid attainment of relatively higher plasma concentrations (2.38 to 13.9 mg/liter) (13,14).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hasta hace poco se sabía que la resistencia a las polimixinas, en general, se daba por mutaciones a nivel cromosómico, no habiéndose informado acerca de la transferencia horizontal de genes que otorgaran resistencia a las mismas. La resistencia a colistina se explica por mutaciones en los genes que conducen a modificaciones en la capa de LPS, sitio de acción de esta molécula (13,20) . Adicionalmente a esta modalidad, en noviembre de 2015 se informó sobre la aparición de un nuevo mecanismo de resistencia a colistina a través de plásmidos, relacionado al gen mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance), productor de una enzima responsable de la resistencia, por lo que se puede diseminar fácilmente la misma a otras bacterias (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) .…”
Section: Mecanismos De Resistenciaunclassified
“…La resistencia a colistina se explica por mutaciones en los genes que conducen a modificaciones en la capa de LPS, sitio de acción de esta molécula (13,20) . Adicionalmente a esta modalidad, en noviembre de 2015 se informó sobre la aparición de un nuevo mecanismo de resistencia a colistina a través de plásmidos, relacionado al gen mcr-1 (Mobile Colistin Resistance), productor de una enzima responsable de la resistencia, por lo que se puede diseminar fácilmente la misma a otras bacterias (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) . Desde abril de 2016 en nuestro continente se ha identificado este mecanismo de resistencia en E. coli y otras enterobacterias, aisladas a partir de muestras de alimentos y animales, pero también de muestras clínicas de pacientes.…”
Section: Mecanismos De Resistenciaunclassified
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