Collapse performance of composite steel frames under fire

Qin, Chao; Mahmoud, Hussam

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.01.032

Cited by 34 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Qin and Mahmoud [ 16 ] found that collapse mechanism and behavior of structural members and connections can be investigated accurately through advanced numerical finite element analysis. Abdollahzadeh and Shalikar evaluated progressive collapse mechanisms of steel frames with different bracing systems under fire loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural investigation of the collapse of the 16‐story Plasco building due to fire

Aghakouchak

Garivani

Shahmari

et al. 2020

Structural Design Tall Build

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Summary On January 19, 2017, the 16‐story Plasco tower located in Tehran, the capital city of Iran, collapsed in several stages, due to a fire lasting 3.5 h. This paper presents the results of numerical investigations on how the structure behaved during that incident. In this regard, initially, a part of floor system including main truss girders, secondary truss beams, tie beams, and reinforced concrete slab is simulated to study its deformed shape and collapse modes. Then 2D and 3D models of the building are developed to evaluate the global behavior of the structure under fire. The results show that at elevated temperatures, deflection of the floor system, main trusses, and out‐of‐plane bending of the beam‐to‐column gusset plates become excessive, leading to partial collapse of floor, in the location of fire initiation. Also, 2D models show that thermal expansion and catenary action of heated truss induce large lateral displacement and bending moment in perimeter column that cause failure of this column at about 650°C. Finally, 3D models indicate that general collapse of the building is initiated by buckling of the external columns located in the southern perimeter of the building. This result is in good agreement with videos and photos showing actual collapse of the structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural investigation of the collapse of the 16‐story Plasco building due to fire

Aghakouchak

Garivani

Shahmari

et al. 2020

Structural Design Tall Build

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“…Fire is one of the most unpleasant incidents that can be imposed on a structure during exploitation. The collapse of many structures (World Trade Center Buildings, 2001; Windsor Tower, Madrid, 2006; and Plasco Building, Tehran, 2017) indicates that fire-induced high temperature can fully endanger the stability of steel structures Rackauskaite et al (2017), Qin and Mahmoud (2019). Simultaneous earthquake and fire drastically magnify the hazards posed to steel structures.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aftershocks and main earthquake can occur with intervals of minutes or hours or even days where the consecutive occurrence of these incidents (earthquake and fire) can cause an early collapse of the structure damaged during the former fire. Indeed, the fire-induced high heat results in a decrease in the yield stress, elasticity modulus, strength and stiffness of the steel structure (Masoumi and Farajpourbonab, 2018; Rackauskaite et al , 2019), and finally, lowering the seismic performance of the steel structure (Tariq et al , 2019; Shan et al , 2019; Qin and Mahmoud, 2019; Tang et al , 2019). In recent years, various types of resistant systems (e.g.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fire-induced high heat can severely reduce yield stress and elasticity modulus of steel (CEN, 2005), leading to a decrease in strength, stiffness and, consequently, the seismic performance of steel structures (Masoumi and Farajpourbonab, 2018; Qin and Mahmoud, 2019; Mahmoud et al , 2016). To reach these desired characteristics, the thin infill plate should be designed so that it undergoes buckling before the demolition (yield or buckling) of other peripheral boundary components and is yielded by further structure drift.…”

Section: Introduction and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of steel-plate shear wall at high temperature

Jamshidi

Naserabadi

Oliaei

2020

JSFE

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Purpose The high heat induced by fire can substantially decrease the load-bearing capacity, which is more critical in unprotected steel structures than concrete reinforced structures. One of the conventional steel structures is a steel-plate shear wall (SPSW) in which thin infill steel plates are used to resist against the lateral loads. Due to the small thickness of infill plates, high heat seems to dramatically influence the lateral load-bearing capacity of this type of structures. Therefore, this study aims to provide an investigation into the performance of SPSW with reduced beam section at high temperature. Design/methodology/approach In the present paper, to examine the seismic performance of SPSW at high temperature, 48 single-span single-story steel frames equipped with steel plates with the thicknesses of 2.64 mm, 5 mm and 7 mm and yield stresses of 85 MPa, 165 MPa, 256 MPa and 300 MPa were numerically modeled. Furthermore, their behavioral indices, namely, strength, stiffness, ductility and hysteresis behavior, were studied at the temperatures of 20, 458, 642 and 917? The simulated models in the present paper are based on the experimental specimen presented by Vian and Bruneau (2004). Findings The obtained results revealed that the high heat harshly diminishes the seismic performance of SPSW so that the lateral strength is reduced even by 95% at substantially high temperatures. Therefore, SPSW starts losing its strength and stiffness at high temperature such that it completely loses its capacity of strength, stiffness and energy dissipation at the temperature of 917? Moreover, it was proved that by separating the percentage of their participations variations of the infill plate in SPSW, their behavior and the bare frame can be examined even at high temperatures. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the seismic performance of SPSW at different temperatures has not been evaluated and compared yet.

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“…They concluded that single bay fire exposure did not affect the global stability of the frames, while significant local buckling developed in the flange and web of the reduced section. Qin and Mahmoud developed a 3D numerical finite element model of a six‐story steel frame to evaluate the collapse performance of the structure under fire loading. The model could accurately predict the collapse mechanism and behavior of structural members and connections during fire events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collapse analysis of regular and irregular tall steel moment frames under fire loading

Heshmati

Aghakouchak

2019

Structural Design Tall Build

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This study is carried out to evaluate the progressive collapse of steel buildings under fire event. To this end, a 15-story steel structure with moment-resisting system and composite floors is considered. The effects of various parameters such as beam section size, gravity load ratio, vertical irregularity of resisting system, and location of fire compartments on collapse modes are investigated numerically. Different temperature-time curves are defined across the composite floors according to the Eurocode 4. It is found that local collapse of the frames at the ground floor fire is triggered by the buckling of the interior heated columns at approximately 540°C. The redistributed loads by floors delay the global collapse at least 45 min. Increasing gravity loads accelerates the global collapse of the frames significantly. The heated columns of the middle floor buckle at higher temperature compared to the ground floor heated columns and no global collapse occur due to this scenario. In general, the potential of collapse of the regular and irregular frame due to fire in the edge bay is higher compared to the fire in the middle bay. It is also found that the local and global collapse of regular frames occur earlier than irregular frames. KEYWORDS collapse mode, column buckling, concrete slab, progressive collapse, tall steel frame, vertical irregularity 1 | INTRODUCTION The fire-induced collapse of real tall steel buildings such as the World Trade Centre (WTC) Towers in New York (2001), Windsor Tower in Madrid (2005), and the Plasco building in Tehran (2017) provided important information about the stability and progressive collapse of high-rise buildings during fire events. The progressive collapse of structures is defined as "the spread of an initial local failure from element to element, resulting eventually in the collapse of an entire structure or a disproportionately large part of it". [1] The level of damage to the buildings due to fire can be extensive and is dependent on various factors such as material properties, intensity and duration of fire, and also external factors such as wind conditions, firefighting operation, and building height. While steel materials have been widely used in many tall structures, temperature sensitivity of steel material is a major disadvantage, since the mechanical properties of steel deteriorate significantly at high temperatures. According to Eurocode 3, [2] the yield stress of steel remains unchanged up to 400°C. But at 700°C and 900°C, it reduces to 23% and 6% of ambient temperature yield stress, respectively. Also the yield stress and modulus of elasticity of steel material reach almost zero at 1,200°C.Fire and heat in buildings cause changes in the geometry (thermal expansion) and material properties (reduction of stiffness and strength) of structural members. In the frame structures in early stages of fire, the thermal expansion effects are crucial, and then, if further increase in temperature occurs, the reduction of stiffness and strength of materials will be more import...

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Collapse performance of composite steel frames under fire

Cited by 34 publications

References 23 publications

Structural investigation of the collapse of the 16‐story Plasco building due to fire

Structural investigation of the collapse of the 16‐story Plasco building due to fire

Performance of steel-plate shear wall at high temperature

Collapse analysis of regular and irregular tall steel moment frames under fire loading

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