“…Several methods exist for calculating fractal dimension. The most common are Fourier transform methods (Sawant & Nicolau, 2005, and references therein; Khadar & Shanid, 2010), perimeter-area relationships (Sawant & Nicolau, 2005, and references therein) and box-counting (Eiha et al, 2000). Fractal analysis has been used to obtain measures relating to the morphology of TiO 2 films (Khadar & Shanid, 2010), aggregated particulate films (Niklasson, 1993;Gó mez-Rodríguez et al, 1992) and aggregated biomolecules (Sawant & Nicolau, 2005), from atomic force microscopy images.…”