College Students' Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Men's and Women's Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise

Kilpatrick, Marcus W.; Hébert, Edward; Bartholomew, John B.

doi:10.3200/jach.54.2.87-94

Cited by 579 publications

(543 citation statements)

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“…Some prefer attending an exercise facility, while others prefer organized sports. Individuals and their personality characteristics will determine what style of exercise they prefer, but previous studies have found a link between intrinsic motivation and sport participation (Kilpatrick et al, 2005). These findings suggest that including sports activities in health promotion programs may be valuable to increasing individuals' participation in exercise activities.…”

Section: Implications and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Previous research (Kilpatrick, Hebert, & Bartholomew, 2005) has shown that students were more intrinsically motivated toward sport participation, but more extrinsically motivated toward exercise. Kilpatrick et al (2005) also found that increased maintenance and adherence to exercise behaviors were associated with intrinsic motivation. These findings suggest that there is a need to understand individuals' various motivations for exercise, and that focusing on areas in which people are intrinsically motivated may maximize the effectiveness of an exercise program.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is yet another reason to explore motivational styles for exercise. Previous research (Kilpatrick, Hebert, & Bartholomew, 2005) has shown that students were more intrinsically motivated toward sport participation, but more extrinsically motivated toward exercise. Kilpatrick et al (2005) also found that increased maintenance and adherence to exercise behaviors were associated with intrinsic motivation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Motivational and Personality Predictors of Body Esteem in High- and Low-Frequency Exercisers

Segatto

Lafreniere

2013

JMEP

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Active living is imperative to maintaining good health, and becoming involved in regular exercise at a young age is fundamental. The purpose of this study was to examine motivation for exercise among university students in relation to metamotivational dominance and body esteem. Participants in this study were 106 undergraduate students who were recruited from their psychology departmental participant pool and from the campus exercise facility at a mediumsized Canadian university. Participants completed an inventory that included the Motivational Style Profile, Big Five Inventory-10, Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire, and the Body Weight and Image Self-Esteem Evaluation Questionnaire to assess personality, exercise motivation, and body esteem. High-frequency exercisers were found to be more paratelic dominant than low-frequency exercisers, and scored significantly higher on intrinsic, identified, and introjected regulation, indicating that they exercised for enjoyment, valued exercise outcomes, and wanted to avoid negative emotions associated with not exercising. Among highfrequency exercisers, positive body esteem was associated with high intrinsic and low extrinsic motivation for exercise, paratelic dominance, negativism dominance, and low neuroticism. For low-frequency exercisers, significant correlates of positive body esteem were autic mastery dominance, low BMI, low neuroticism, and lower levels of extrinsic and introjected motivation. Findings are discussed in terms of healthy and unhealthy motivations for exercise, and recommendations are made for tailoring health promotion strategies to metamotivational dominance.Keywords: motivation, exercise, body esteem, telic dominance Exercise has proven to be effective in maintaining general health and well being, managing disease and improving longevity (Barnes, 2010). For the purpose of this investigation, exercise is defined as planned, structured and repetitive physical activity designed to improve or maintain fitness (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000). It might be assumed that the known benefits of physical activity would be sufficient motivation for people to adopt a regular exercise regimen. Nonetheless, obesity and inactivity have increased dramatically over the past few decades in North America. In 2007 -2009, the obesity rate for adults in Canada was 24.1%, while the prevalence of obesity in the United States was even higher, at 34.4%. These rates represent a significant increase since 1986, with prevalence of obesity rising by 10 percentage points in Canada and by 12 percentage points in the United States during this period. Among women, those aged 20 to 39 experienced the greatest Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Bianca L. Segatto, 4713 Kominar Crt, Windsor, ON, N9G 2W6, Canada. E-mail: bianca.segatto@mail.mcgill.ca increase in obesity during this period (Shields, Carroll, & Ogden, 2011).While the health benefits of exercise are now well established (e.g., Barnes, 2010), a key factor in health...

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Section: Implications and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motivational and Personality Predictors of Body Esteem in High- and Low-Frequency Exercisers

Segatto

Lafreniere

2013

JMEP

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“…Studies in the literature have indicated that a big majority of students who come to the university have stopped participating in the sport, and after college graduation, almost half of these students have left sport or exercise (Kilpatrick et al, 2005). Determination of the motivations that are active in sport participation is important because these motives can increase the participation of individuals in physical activity (Del Pilar Vílchez & De Francisco, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participation Motivation in University Students Who Engage in Different Team Sports

Üstün¹

2018

WJE

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The aim of this study was to examine the motives for university students who engage in different team sports mutually. The cross-sectional method was used in the study. The study sample consisted of 280 university students from Dumlupinar University School of Physical Education and Sports. The participants were chosen according to stratified random sampling method and participated in the study voluntarily. In the study in order to collect data Turkish version of Gill and colleagues' Sports Participation Questionnaire was used. In the evaluation of the data in addition to descriptive statistical methods, MANOVA was used as the hypothesis test. According to MANOVA results, there were significant differences between the motives for university students in achievement, physical fitness, skills development and movement/being active factors. The findings of this study can assist intercollegiate coaches and athletic administrators to understand the motivational patterns of university students for participating in sports and allow them to develop strategies which can prevent students from quitting sports participation and exercise.

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“…Gaston-Gayles (2004) also found that an opportunity to play professionally was a motive to play sports at the college level, which was a more prominent factor among male athletes. Kilpatrick et al (2005) used the Exercise Motivation Inventory-2 to determine the differences between males and females and motivational differences between exercise and sport. Affiliation, enjoyment, challenge, and competition were the top motivators for sport in a sample of college students (not college athletes).…”

Section: College Sport Motivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivational factors related to female participation in collegiate sports

Pacheco¹,

Más²,

Olivárez³

et al. 2012

JHSE

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Pacheco LA, Soto F, Olivárez A, Avila M. Motivational factors related to female participation in collegiate sports. J. Hum. Sport Exerc. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 783-793, 2012. Despite the many health benefits, physical activity trends in females have been consistently reported to be lower than that of males. Other demographic variables may also be related to sport participation. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that motivate college females to participate in sports. This was a cross sectional, causalcomparative survey study. Eight motivational factors were explored: fitness, skill/mastery, enjoyment, affiliation/recognition, team factors, ego/competition, parental support, and external rewards. Female college athletes (N=82) from two post-secondary institutions were surveyed using the 35-item Modified Sports Motivation Survey. Results indicated that all factors were important to participants with significant differences found according to eligibility in the motivational factor of fitness. This study represents one of the most comprehensive to date looking into the multifaceted and complex interactions of motivational factors that influence female collegiate sports participation in the United States, yet future research is needed to better understand the adherence to physical activity into adulthood.

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College Students' Motivation for Physical Activity: Differentiating Men's and Women's Motives for Sport Participation and Exercise

Cited by 579 publications

References 1 publication

Motivational and Personality Predictors of Body Esteem in High- and Low-Frequency Exercisers

Motivational and Personality Predictors of Body Esteem in High- and Low-Frequency Exercisers

Participation Motivation in University Students Who Engage in Different Team Sports

Motivational factors related to female participation in collegiate sports

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