Background The psychological strategies of self-talk (S.T.) and mental imagery (MI) have an essential role in training and sports performance, but their implementation, particularly in combination, is still limited. This study aimed to examine badminton motor skills (BMS) and self-confidence (S.C.) mastery after a psychological strategy intervention of S.T. and MI, which were integrated into the BMS training process in both independent and interactive functions. The S.T. strategy consisted of instructional (I-S.T.) and motivational (M-S.T.) functions, while the MI consisted of cognitive (C-MI) and motivational (M-MI) aspects. Methods Eighty youth beginner badminton student-athletes aged 10–12 years (male = 40, female = 40) were divided through a disproportional stratified sampling into four experimental groups (EG: 2-function S.T. × 2-function MI) and one control group (CG). The intervention program lasted eight weeks (three meetings a week for a total of 24 meetings). The participants completed a fidelity check at each session. At the end of the intervention, they took a BMS test and completed a self-confidence scale. Results The S.T. and MI strategies had a significant effect on BMS and S.C. mastery (independent and interaction functions) in multivariate and univariate ways; however, independently, they had no significant effect on S.C. The effect of I-S.T. > M-S.T. and the effect of C-MI > M-MI on BMS, but there was no difference in S.C. In the I-S.T. condition, the C-MI and M-MI strategies did not have a different interaction effect on BMS mastery, but the effect of M-MI > C-MI on S.C. In the M-S.T. condition, the effect of C-MI > M-MI on the BMS and S.C. mastery. In the C-MI condition, the I-S.T. and M-S.T. strategies did not have a different interaction effect on BMS mastery, but the effect of M-S.T. > I-ST on S.C. In the M-MI condition, the effect of I-S.T. > M-S.T. on the BMS and S.C. mastery. Conclusion The results of this study contribute to the existing evidence on the effectiveness of S.T. and MI strategies in the motor skill mastery and psychological skill development of beginner student-athletes. Thus, S.T. and MI strategies can be adapted as psychological strategies that coaches and physical educators can use to improve beginner student-athlete learning, sports performance, and psychological skills.

This paper aimed to analyze the health beliefs of physical education and sports teachers regarding sportive recreational activities in the extent of their socio-demographic features. The study sample consisted of 286 (101 male & 185 female) physical education teachers. In the study to collect data, we used the "Health Belief Scale for Sportive Recreational Activities" scale. In analyze of the data, first, we calculated Cronbach's Alpha, Skewness and Kurtosis values. Then we used One Way Anova and Independent samples t-test at 95% confidence level. We used Tukey's HSD as second degree test. Analyze results showed that the participants had a high level of health belief regarding sportive recreational activities. Besides, there were significant differences in the variable health belief according to marital status, and believe in the ideas that sportive recreational activities are useful for mental and physical health as well as the treatment of chronic diseases. However, there was not any significant differences according to gender and number of weekly activities performed. As a conclusion present study showed that PE & sports teachers see sportive recreational activities

This paper aimed to investigate individual or team sports participant high school students' perceived social anxiety levels according to their sports branch, the weekly duration/day of doing sports, the aim for doing sports and gender. Two hundred high school students (Mage=16.29 ± 1.11) participated in the study. The study designed as a cross-sectional study and the Turkish version of Social Anxiety for Adolescents (SAS-A) used as the data gathering tool. In the evaluation of data independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA statistical methods used as the hypothesis tests. According to the study findings, there was not any significant difference in the variable social anxiety according to the sports branch and the weekly duration/day of doing sports. However, significant differences were found between individual sports participants' social anxiety according to aim for doing sports and gender. As a result, this paper showed that professional individual sports participants had higher perceived social avoidance and distress for general and new situations. Also, male individual sports participants reported a higher fear of negative evaluation than females.Discription: According to independent samples t-test results, there was a significant difference in the variable social anxiety in the fear for negative evaluation dimension (t.05 = 2.20; p < .05) for male individual sports participants scoring higher (18.44±5.67) than female participants (15.48±4.9). DiscussionThe present study aimed to investigate the perceived social anxiety of high school students who engage in individual

The aim of this study was to investigate curiosity styles of teacher candidates. A total of 250 teacher candidates -classroom/physical education and sports-volunteered for the study. In the study Turkish version of Erwin's (1998) two-factor curiosity scale was used as data gathering tool. In the evaluation of data first reliability and normality analyses were made. And MANOVA was used as hypothesis test at the %95 confidence level. This study showed that classroom teacher candidates' breadth of interest curiosity score was significantly higher in comparison with physical education and sport teacher candidates.

This study aims to investigate digital game addiction of high school students according to gender and regular sport participation. For this 398 high school students who were randomly chosen voluntarily participated in the study. In addition to personal information from the Turkish version of Lemmens and colleagues’a  game addiction scale was used as a  data gathering tool. The Turkish adaptation of the scale was done by Aylin Yalcın Irmak and Semra Erdogan in 2015. The Turkish version of the scale consists of one factor and seven items anchored with a five Likert type scale. In the evaluation of the data linear regression was used. The findings of this study revealed that there was a positive relationship between gender and digital game addiction