This paper aimed to analyze the health beliefs of physical education and sports teachers regarding sportive recreational activities in the extent of their socio-demographic features. The study sample consisted of 286 (101 male & 185 female) physical education teachers. In the study to collect data, we used the "Health Belief Scale for Sportive Recreational Activities" scale. In analyze of the data, first, we calculated Cronbach's Alpha, Skewness and Kurtosis values. Then we used One Way Anova and Independent samples t-test at 95% confidence level. We used Tukey's HSD as second degree test. Analyze results showed that the participants had a high level of health belief regarding sportive recreational activities. Besides, there were significant differences in the variable health belief according to marital status, and believe in the ideas that sportive recreational activities are useful for mental and physical health as well as the treatment of chronic diseases. However, there was not any significant differences according to gender and number of weekly activities performed. As a conclusion present study showed that PE & sports teachers see sportive recreational activities

Individuals face negative events throughout their lives and such events can cause problems in every aspect of life. A high level of resilience is required to cope with such negative events. There are various factors that affect resilience. Hope is one of those factors. This factor provides a strong structure to individuals and keeps identified objectives alive. Based on this view, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between resilience and constant hope of students studying in a sports science department. Accordingly, the study group of this study consisted of 203 students with 91 female and 112 male students studying in a sports science faculty/school of physical education and sports of universities. The data collection tools of this study were the "Resilience Scale" and the "Constant Hope Scale". Additionally, to collect information about the students, the "Personal Information Form" developed by the researchers was adopted during the data collection process. The analysis of the obtained data was done with descriptive statistics, t-test for independent two groups, one-way variance analysis (Anova), and Pearson Correlation. To determine which groups caused the statistical difference after one-way variance analysis (Anova), the Tukey HSD multiple comparative test was applied. The results of the study indicated that the data obtained on a scale basis had normal distribution. While there was no significant difference for gender between the relationship of resilience and constant hope, there was a statistically significant difference between different age groups. Additionally, the correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive, moderate level relationship between the two scales.

ÖzetAim: This research is to determine the effects of extensive and intensive interval training practiced in different rest interval and in the same intensity on VO 2max and anaerobic threshold and on blood parameters. Material and Methods: 20 male subjects, between 18-22 ages, are participated in the study. They are randomly separated two groups. One of them (n=10) did intensive interval training (IIT), the other one (n=10) did extensive interval training (EIT). EI and II training were applied to participants thought 7 weeks and 3 days per a week and the volume of the daily training, intensity %75, is totally 2800-3000m. We tested the subjects at weights, BMI, Fat %, Fat Mass, VO 2max , anaerobic threshold, hemogram and some of the biochemical tests before and after the training. Results: There were significant increase (p<0.05) in the capacity of VO 2max and anaerobic threshold at EIT. There were significant increases in the subgroup of erythrocyte; HCT (p<0.05), HGB, MCH, MCHC, RDW-CV and RDW-SD (p<0.01) at EIT. There was significant decreases in the subgroup of leukocyte; LYMPH, in the subgroup of thrombocyte; PCT and in the biochemical analysis; HDL (p<0.05) at EIT. No significant differences were found between before and after IIT in the capacity of VO 2max . and anaerobic threshold. There was significant decreases in the subgroup of leukocyte; GRAN, in the subgroup of thrombocyte; PLT and PCT (p<0.05) at IIT. There were significant increase in the subgroup of erythrocyte; MCV and in the biochemical analysis; glucose (p<0.05) at IIT. Conclusion: EIT has a decisive effect on the capacity of VO 2max and anaerobic threshold. EI and II training has increased or decreased the level of some blood parameters. Maximum VO 2 Extensive interval training Intensive interval trainingArticle Info

In this study, it was aimed to determine the attachment styles of soccer trainers to their athletes according to various variables. The relationship between the trainers and their athletes is an important element to act in line with the goals, in this context, determining the attachment styles will create an awareness for the trainers and will provide support for the development of the trainers in order to raise successful and mentally healthy athletes in the long term. The research sample consists of 406 licensed male football coaches who are actively performing as trainers in football at different levels and age groups. In the study, a questionnaire was created using the trainer-athlete attachment scale to determine the personal information form attachment styles to collect the demographic characteristics of football coaches. SPSS 25 program was used to analyze the data. It was determined that the data were distributed normally, and the t-test and the One-way ANOVA test was used to compare independent groups. Tukey test was used as a complementary post-hoc analysis to determine the difference after the ANOVA test. The significance level in the analyses was determined to be p <0.05. While there was a significant difference in attachment styles of the trainers according to marital status, number of weekly training and years of coaching; no significant difference was found according to the variables of age, education level and coaching level. As a result, it was found that coaches who are married and train 6 times and more in a week have good problem-solving skills in their interpersonal relationships, have a positive approach to problems, are constructive while solving problems, are self-confident, do not evade responsibility, and have an insistent attitude in solving problems. Trainers can help athletes develop their positive emotions and life satisfaction with healthy evaluations and positive/optimistic thoughts. It is thought that the sharing environment that develops as a result of the cooperation and efforts made in line with common goals in sports environments, especially in training, increases the level of coach-athlete relationship.

The aim of this study is to adapt the "Sport Injury Anxiety Scale" (SIAS) developed by Rex and Metzler (2016) to the Turkish language, and to test the validity and reliability of the adapted version. Material and Methods: The original form of SIAS consists of 21 items and seven subscales, and it is a five-point Likert-type scale (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: neutral, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree). The sub-scales are: Loss of Athleticism, Being Perceived as Weak, Experiencing Pain, Letting Down Important Others, Reinjury, Loss of Social Support and Having an Impaired Self-Image. There is no negative item in the scale. In the study, firstly the English scale was translated into Turkish, and the Turkish scale was prepared according to experts' opinions. Correlation analysis was used for language equivalence of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis methods were used in order to reveal the measurement structure, and to examine the construct validity, respectively. The reliability analysis of the scale and its sub-scales were firstly examined by calculating the Cronbach α coefficient, which is the indicator of internal consistency. Then, the reliability of the scale was examined by calculating the stability coefficients of the scale and its sub-scales, by the test-retest method. Results: It was determined that the Turkish version of the scale has language equivalence, and that the measurement structure of the adaptation scale consisted of 19 items and six sub-scales, and explained 65% of the total variance. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the six-factor measurement structure had a good fit with the data. Cronbach α coefficients of the sub-scales were calculated as: 0.724 for Loss of Athleticism, 0.645 for Being Perceived as Weak, 0.780 for Experiencing Pain, 0.876 for Letting Down Important Others, 0.608 for Reinjury, and 0.812 for Loss of Social Support, respectively. Accordingly, it was determined that the scale and its sub-scales had high internal consistency and reliability. Stability coefficients of the scale and its subscales were found to be high. Conclusion: It can be said that the Turkish version of the Sports Injury Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable scale for measuring anxiety of athletes.