Adaptation of the Sport Injury Anxiety Scale to Turkish: Validity and Reliability Study

Abstract

The aim of this study is to adapt the "Sport Injury Anxiety Scale" (SIAS) developed by Rex and Metzler (2016) to the Turkish language, and to test the validity and reliability of the adapted version. Material and Methods: The original form of SIAS consists of 21 items and seven subscales, and it is a five-point Likert-type scale (1: strongly disagree, 2: disagree, 3: neutral, 4: agree, 5: strongly agree). The sub-scales are: Loss of Athleticism, Being Perceived as Weak, Experiencing Pain, Letting Down Important Others, Reinjury, Loss of Social Support and Having an Impaired Self-Image. There is no negative item in the scale. In the study, firstly the English scale was translated into Turkish, and the Turkish scale was prepared according to experts' opinions. Correlation analysis was used for language equivalence of the scale. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis methods were used in order to reveal the measurement structure, and to examine the construct validity, respectively. The reliability analysis of the scale and its sub-scales were firstly examined by calculating the Cronbach α coefficient, which is the indicator of internal consistency. Then, the reliability of the scale was examined by calculating the stability coefficients of the scale and its sub-scales, by the test-retest method. Results: It was determined that the Turkish version of the scale has language equivalence, and that the measurement structure of the adaptation scale consisted of 19 items and six sub-scales, and explained 65% of the total variance. According to confirmatory factor analysis, the six-factor measurement structure had a good fit with the data. Cronbach α coefficients of the sub-scales were calculated as: 0.724 for Loss of Athleticism, 0.645 for Being Perceived as Weak, 0.780 for Experiencing Pain, 0.876 for Letting Down Important Others, 0.608 for Reinjury, and 0.812 for Loss of Social Support, respectively. Accordingly, it was determined that the scale and its sub-scales had high internal consistency and reliability. Stability coefficients of the scale and its subscales were found to be high. Conclusion: It can be said that the Turkish version of the Sports Injury Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable scale for measuring anxiety of athletes.

The Relationship Between Sport Injury Anxiety and Musculoskeletal Discomfort in Folk Dancers: An Analysis of Body Parts

“…It includes 6 sub-dimensions: loss of athleticism, being perceived as weak, experiencing pain, letting down important others, re-injury, loss of social support. The SIAS, adapted into Turkish by Caz et al (2019), measures sports injury anxiety between 19 and 95 points. As the total or average score obtained from the 6 sub-dimension increases, the sport injury anxiety increases.…”

“…This is also the first study to examine the relationship between injury characteristics and anxiety in dancers according to body regions. In the study in which the Sports Injury Anxiety Scale was adapted into Turkish, it was shown that the average anxiety score of the athletes was 14.69 (Caz et al, 2019). In studies conducted with dancers, concerns were calculated over the percentages of the participants (Jacobs et al, 2012).…”

The Investigation of History of Sports Injury and the Level of Anxiety of Sports Injury in Elite Wrestlers: Descriptive Research

“…The Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient for the Sports Injury Anxiety Scale was found at 0.870. 14…”

“…13 Anxiety is expressed as a situation of fear and tension that can be observed frequently in the daily behavior of individuals, negatively affecting the athlete's performance. 5,14 Although some researchers have indicated that athletes with high level of anxiety are more likely to suffer more severe injuries than athletes with lower levels, others have shown no association between sports injury and anxiety. 15,16 In the prevention of injuries, it is important to determine psychological conditions along with indi-vidual and environmental protective measures and to the best of our knowledge, the lack of enough study was seen on the sports injury anxiety scale in wrestlers.…”