Collision-Aware Resource Access Scheme for LTE-Based Machine-to-Machine Communications

Randomization of Data Generation Times Improves Performance of Predictive IoT Networks

“…On the other hand, for the highly loaded networks, this issue is expected since (7) actually does not satisfy the assumption µ > λ of M/M/1 models. In order to prevent the case where W est j < 0, we are not able to increase the system resources but we may revise (9) as…”

“…The Massive Access Problem has been addressed with reactive techniques [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [3], [17], [18], [19], [20], [21], [22], [7], [23] for IoT traffic that is generated in a random fashion. On the other hand, some work [24] has shown that IoT traffic at the MAC-layer can be predicted with acceptable accuracy via certain machine-learning models for distinct IoT traffic classes.…”

Fixed-Symbol Aided Random Access Scheme for Machine-to-Machine Communications

“…For example, the preamble shortage is addressed either by increasing the number of available preambles [8] or by preamble reusing [9]. Early preamble collision detection schemes were proposed to avoid RB wastage [10], [11]. The early collision detection [10] is performed based on tagged preambles which is also exploited to monitor the RA load.…”

Diffusion Analysis Improves Scalability of IoT Networks to Mitigate the Massive Access Problem

“…MAP was addressed in early research [10]- [12] through adaptive routing to reduce congestion in networks with multiple paths and gateways, and via information theoretic techniques to reduce the amount of traffic that is sent [13]. More recent work [7], [8], [14]- [29] commonly assumes that IoT traffic arrives at random, leading to solutions to MAP that include Access Class Barring (ACB) [8], [14], [16], [23]- [26], Cognitive Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication [17], [19], game theory [18], clustering of devices [20], [27], data rate adaptation [21], Spread-spectrum, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) [22], Interference Cancellation (SIC) [7], the use of CSMA/CA or slotted-ALOHA [15], [28] and collision awareness [29]. Other work [30]- [35] has suggested proactive network solutions for MAP, which can include techniques such as adaptive traffic ofloading to storage areas or less congested gateways [36].…”