Colloidal Hard-Sphere Crystal Growth Frustrated by Large Spherical Impurities

Villeneuve, V.W.A. de; Dullens, Roel P. A.; Aarts, Dirk G. A. L.; Groeneveld, Esther; Scherff, Johannes H.; Kegel, Willem K.; Lekkerkerker, H. N. W.

doi:10.1126/science.1113207

Cited by 111 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The increase in the number of smaller particles (< 10 nm) may be attributed to the suppression of particle growth by the introduction of Cu atoms into the TiO 2 crystal structure. De Villeneuve et al (2005) reported that impurities could influence the nucleation, growth, and structure of crystals. Kubota (2001) also addressed that crystal growth is markedly affected by the impurities presented in the system.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cu-doped Tio 2 Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cu-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst with Thermal Plasma Torch for Low-Concentration Mercury Removal

Tsai

Hsi

Kuo

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A high-quality, Cu-doped TiO 2 photocatalyst was prepared via a single-step process using an atmospheric-pressure plasma torch system. Degussa P-25 was thermally doped with Cu at Cu/(Cu + TiO 2 ) ratios of 0-5 wt.%. The raw and resulting nanoparticles were characterized using TEM, XRD, UV-Vis, and XPS. TEM showed that the particle size of plasma-treated TiO 2 was generally < 50 nm. 67-75% of the resulting particles, by number were between 10 and 20 nm. The remaining particles were < 10 nm (~10%) and between 20 and 30 nm (~10%). The XRD results showed that Cu doping decreased the anatase/rutile crystalline ratio compared to untreated P-25. Nevertheless, the greater the amount of Cu added, the greater the anatase/rutile ratio was for the Cu-doped TiO 2 . The UV-Vis results showed that the absorption wavelength for plasma-treated TiO 2 extended to the visible light range, especially for TiO 2 doped with 5 wt.% Cu.

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Section: Characteristics Of Cu-doped Tio 2 Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Cu-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst with Thermal Plasma Torch for Low-Concentration Mercury Removal

Tsai

Hsi

Kuo

et al. 2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Here foreign particles are located inside colloidal suspensions, acting as seeds for crystallization, giving rise to a heterogeneous nucleation process, which starts on the surface of a curved hard wall (the surface of the foreign particles) 45 . Such studies have also shown how curvature and geometric frustration can modify NG.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase nucleation in curved space

et al. 2015

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Nucleation and growth is the dominant relaxation mechanism driving first-order phase transitions. In two-dimensional flat systems, nucleation has been applied to a wide range of problems in physics, chemistry and biology. Here we study nucleation and growth of two-dimensional phases lying on curved surfaces and show that curvature modifies both critical sizes of nuclei and paths towards the equilibrium phase. In curved space, nucleation and growth becomes inherently inhomogeneous and critical nuclei form faster on regions of positive Gaussian curvature. Substrates of varying shape display complex energy landscapes with several geometry-induced local minima, where initially propagating nuclei become stabilized and trapped by the underlying curvature.

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“…Already, the simplest conceivable multicomponent system, i.e., a binary mixture of hard spheres, exhibits interesting and complex behavior. Just a few examples include entropy driven formation of binary crystals [1][2][3], frustrated crystal growth [4], the Brazil nut effect [5], glass-formation [6,7], and entropic selectivity in external fields [8]. Although interaction potentials in atomic systems are more complex than those of hard spheres, the principle of volume exclusion is ubiquitous and thus always dominates the short-range order in liquids [9].…”

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Experimental Observation of Structural Crossover in Binary Mixtures of Colloidal Hard Spheres

et al. 2007

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Using confocal microscopy, we investigate the structure of binary mixtures of colloidal hard spheres with size ratio q 0:61. As a function of the packing fraction of the two particle species, we observe a marked change of the dominant wavelength in the pair-correlation function. This behavior is in excellent agreement with a recently predicted structural crossover in such mixtures. In addition, the repercussions of structural crossover on the real-space structure of a binary fluid are analyzed. We suggest a relation between crossover and the lateral extension of networks containing only equally-sized particles that are connected by nearest-neighbor bonds. This is supported by Monte Carlo simulations which are performed at different packing fractions and size ratios. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.198303 PACS numbers: 82.70.Dd, 61.20.ÿp Most systems in nature and technology are mixtures of differently sized particles. Each distinct particle size introduces another length scale, and its competition gives rise to an exceedingly rich phenomenology in comparison with single-component systems. Already, the simplest conceivable multicomponent system, i.e., a binary mixture of hard spheres, exhibits interesting and complex behavior. Just a few examples include entropy driven formation of binary crystals [1][2][3], frustrated crystal growth [4], the Brazil nut effect [5], glass-formation [6,7], and entropic selectivity in external fields [8]. Although interaction potentials in atomic systems are more complex than those of hard spheres, the principle of volume exclusion is ubiquitous and thus always dominates the short-range order in liquids [9]. Accordingly, hard spheres form one of the most important and successful model systems in describing fundamental properties of fluids and solids. It has been demonstrated that many of their features can be directly transferred to atomic systems where fundamental mechanisms are often obstructed by additional material specific effects [10]. Binary hard-sphere systems are fully characterized by their size ratio q S = B with i the diameters of the small (S) and big (B) spheres and the small and big sphere packing fractions S , B , respectively.The pair-correlation functions, g ij r , are the central measure of structure in fluids; they describe the probability of finding a particle of size i at distance r from another particle of size j. It is well known that all pair-correlation functions in any (isotropic) fluid mixture with short-ranged interactions (not just hard spheres) exhibit the same type of asymptotic decay, which can be either purely (monotonic) exponential or exponentially damped oscillatory [11] (and references therein). This prediction, which is valid in all dimensions [12] as well as for anisotropic pair interactions [13], suggests that all pair-correlation functions decay with a common wavelength and decay length in the asymptotic regime r ! 1. For binary hard-sphere mixtures where B S or S B , this is rather obvious since the system is dominated by either big or smal...

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Colloidal Hard-Sphere Crystal Growth Frustrated by Large Spherical Impurities

Cited by 111 publications

References 18 publications

Preparation of Cu-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst with Thermal Plasma Torch for Low-Concentration Mercury Removal

Preparation of Cu-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst with Thermal Plasma Torch for Low-Concentration Mercury Removal

Phase nucleation in curved space

Experimental Observation of Structural Crossover in Binary Mixtures of Colloidal Hard Spheres

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