Colloseum to estimate the accuracy of detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using electrical impedance spectroscopy with colposcopy- A one year study

Abstract

Cervical cancer is ranked as the second most common cancer amongst women worldwide and in many low-income countries, it is the most common female cancer. ZedScan, enables us to have a first hand estimation of the accuracy of the system and thereby settling and verifying the claims of the manufacturer.: To prove, easy detection of cervical carcinoma by using EIS as an adjunct to colposcopy giving better detection rates in (CIN)cervical intraepithelial neoplasm with increased diagnostic accuracy.: It was a prospective study done on a sample size of 200 patients. The patients were selected from amongst all the patients attending the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt, either with a clinical indication or an abnormal cervical cytology. All such cases were recruited into the study with histopathology as a gold standard.: Age of patients ranged from 30 to 68 years. Majority of women were aged between 31-40 years (n=135; 67.5%). Mean age of patients was 37.48±6.3 years. Almost all (98.5%) the test patients were married. There were 3 (1.5%) widowed/divorced women. Majority of women were educated up to graduation or above (51%) followed by those educated upto 8th standard (n=53; 26.5%) and those educated upto secondary level (22.5%). BMI of women ranged from 20.11 to 32.30 kg/m2. Majority were in overweight category (n=113; 56.5%). A total of 72 (36%) had normal weight and 15 (7.5%) were obese. Socioeconomically, 88 (44%) belonged to upper middle, 74 (37%) lower middle, 35 (17.5%) to lower and 3 (1.5%) to upper socioeconomic class. Histopathologically, a total of 26 cases were positive and 174 were negative. As compared to histopathology, ZedScan had 11 true positive, 5 false positive, 15 false negative and 169 true negative cases. Correspondingly, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy value of ZedScan for any grade of neoplasia was 42.3%, 97.1%, 68.8%, 90.9% and 90% respectively.: The findings of the study conducted thus suggest that ZedScan has a useful role as an adjunct to Colposcopy in the detection of cervical neoplasia, particularly that of high-grade CINs.

Electrical lymph node scanning (ELS) system for real-time intra-operative detection of involved axillary lymph nodes in adjuvant breast cancer patients

“…Considering this ongoing endeavor for accurate identifying of LNs status and decreasing the invasiveness of axillary staging, predictive tools play an important role and several novel techniques have been developed, including spectroscopic or tomographic approaches, such as Raman 23 , 24 , Electrical impedance (in median frequencies) 25 – 27 , and Terahertz spectroscopies 28 . Despite the numerous studies documenting the applications of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in various cancer-related areas like tumor detection, lymph node (LN) involvement, and lymphedema diagnosis 27 , 29 – 36 , the pursuit of creating efficient and cost-effective pre-operative or intra-operative diagnoses for metastatic LNs remains hampered by resource-intensive processes and non-clinical approval constraints 37 .…”