Colombian Ocular Infectious Epidemiology Study (COIES): Ocular Toxoplasmosis Incidence and Sociodemographic Characterization, 2015-2019

Cifuentes-González, Carlos; Zapata-Bravo, Estefanía; Sierra-Cote, María Camila; Boada-Robayo, Laura; Vargas-Largo, Ángela Paola; Reyes-Guanes, Juliana; de-la-Torre, Alejandra

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.028

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This finding was also found in the OT group, which was 45.45% and the seropositive group was 90%. This finding is in accordance with the previous study by Cifuentes-González et al in an epidemiological study of OT in California (2015–2019), where 65.2% of subjects were in the 15–49 year age group [ 17 ]. Bustillo et al also found that the highest incidence and prevalence of active OT each year is at 25–44 years old [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We also found that most of the subjects were women, with 63.64% in the OT group and 80% in the seropositive group without ocular lesions. Tabatabaei et al reported the highest prevalence of OT in women, 60% ( n = 24); Sofia and Hariyono reported that 66% ( n = 25) of OT cases occurred in women; and Mendes et al said that the highest proportion of seropositive toxoplasmosis were in women, 64.6% ( n = 75) [ 6 , 17 , 21 , 22 ]. Several studies reported no significant difference between males and females in the prevalence of OT [ 20 , 23 , 24 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Sofia,

Amalia,

Thomassawa

et al. 2024

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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Introduction. The imbalance of the immune response is an important factor contributing to the incidence of ocular toxoplasmosis (OT). Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a key role in maintaining the balance between Th1 and Th17 immune responses, while interleukin-27 (IL-27) levels are related to the differentiation of Th17 cells. This study analyzes the differences in the number of Treg cells and the level of IL-27 between OT patients and seropositive individuals without ocular lesions and its correlation with retinal lesion size. Methods. This analytic observational study, conducted for 8 months, involved 11 OT patients and 10 seropositive individuals without ocular lesions. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Retinal lesions were documented by fundus photographs and the size was measured using Digimizer 4.2.2.0 software. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was performed to measure the number of Treg cells using flow cytometry and interleukin-27 levels were assessed using the Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Data were analyzed with SPSS. Result. The number of Treg cells in the OT group (47.16 ± 15.66%) was lower than in the seropositive group without the ocular lesions (62.86 ± 17.08%) (p=0.029). The serum IL-27 levels in the OT group were not significantly different from the seropositive group without the ocular lesions (p=0.360). The number of Treg cells was significantly related to retinal lesion size (p=0.043), with a correlation coefficient of −0.648, indicating a strong and inverse correlation. There was no significant correlation between serum IL-27 levels and retinal lesion size (p=0.556). Conclusion. Ocular toxoplasmosis patients have a low number of Treg cells that are inversely related to the retinal lesion size. The size of the retinal lesion increases as the number of Treg cells decreases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Sofia,

Amalia,

Thomassawa

et al. 2024

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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“…Indeed, Gomez-Marin et al described an OT prevalence of 10.5% in 2021 [35], which indicates an increase of 4.5 points compared to another study reporting a prevalence of 6% in 2007 [36]. In the same way, Cifuentes-González et al found an increasing trend in toxoplasmosis incidence over the last 5 years [37]. The lesser number of OT cases evidenced in the current study could be explained because the clinical records included were retrieved only in one ophthalmic center of the two included in 2009 [17], which corresponds to a private clinic in Bogotá that predominantly attends patients of high socioeconomic status and the socioeconomic conditions have been described as determinants in the prevalence of systemic and ocular toxoplasmosis [38,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

A new look into uveitis in Colombia: changes in distribution patterns and clinical characteristics over the last 25 years

Polania

Reyes-Guanes

Rojas-Carabali

et al. 2022

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Purpose To describe the distribution patterns and clinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with uveitis at a specialized uveitis center in Bogotá, Colombia, from 2013 to 2021 and compare these patterns with the previously reported between 1996 and 2006. Methods We performed an observational descriptive cross-sectional study systematically reviewing clinical records of patients attending between 2013 and 2021. Data were analyzed and compared with previous reports. Results Of the 489 patients with uveitis, 310 were females (63.4%). The mean age of onset was 38.7, with a range between 1 and 83 years. Bilateral (52.8%), anterior (45.8%), non-granulomatous (90.8%), and recurrent (47.6%) were the most common types of uveitis found in our population sample. The most common cause of uveitis in this study was idiopathic, followed by toxoplasmosis and HLA-B27 + associated uveitis, which differs from the previous Colombian study where ocular toxoplasmosis was the most frequent cause. This highlights a significant shift from infectious etiologies to more immune-mediated processes as the cause of uveitis in Colombia nowadays. Conclusion The results of this study provide a comparison between the clinical patterns of presentation of uveitis from 1996 to 2006 and the patterns observed from 2013 to 2021, enhancing awareness about the changing dynamics of uveitis in Colombia to guide a better understanding of the diagnosis, classification, and correlation with other systemic conditions of the disease.

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“…The patient's immunological status is decisive for the pathogenesis of ocular toxoplasmosis, as well as the status of the patient's immune system is closely related to the effectiveness of infection control, as its success is closely linked to the correct function of immune system T cells. [3,[47][48][49][50][51] The patients answered a questionnaire with basic epidemiological data such as gender, eating habits (consumption of raw or undercooked meat, unpasteurized milk, adequate food hygiene); housing conditions (area in which they live, frequent presence of mechanical vectors, and domestic animals); socioeconomic conditions; and history of blood transfusion, which did not present a statistically significant difference. Another study carried out by our research group, which evaluated the risk factors for the development of toxoplasmosis in Brazil, revealed that the presence of dogs and puppies and the consumption of raw or undercooked meat are associated with infection caused by the parasite T. gondii, but not with the development of ocular toxoplasmosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Retinochoroiditis Caused by <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>

Gomes,

De Faria Jr,

Pereira

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective: To evaluate which risk factors contribute directly or indirectly to Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: Between 2018-2020, a total of 306 patients were selected, and treated at the Retinology Outpatient Clinic of the Specialty Hospital of Sāo José do Rio Preto, in the state of São Paulo. After the fundoscopy test, the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) was used to determine IgG and IgM class anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Results: The results showed that individuals aged 60 years or older, and women who had a previous pregnancy, (p=0.000, OR= 8.137 and 95 % CI = 2.562 – 25.844), (p=0.016, OR= 7.395 and CI 95 % = 1,449 – 37,725) respectively, were 48.6 % more likely to develop ocular toxoplasmosis. Conclusion: In this way, previous pregnancy is a risk factor for the reactivation of toxoplasma, as well as for the generation of retinochoroiditis in previously infected women.

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Colombian Ocular Infectious Epidemiology Study (COIES): Ocular Toxoplasmosis Incidence and Sociodemographic Characterization, 2015-2019

Cited by 9 publications

References 40 publications

The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis

The Decreased Treg Cells Number Associated with Retinal Lesion Size in Ocular Toxoplasmosis

A new look into uveitis in Colombia: changes in distribution patterns and clinical characteristics over the last 25 years

Environmental Risk Factors Associated with Retinochoroiditis Caused by <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>

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