Background: Thyroid eye disease is an autoimmune disorder of the orbital retrobulbar tissue commonly associated with dysthyroid status. The most frequent condition is hyperthyroidism, although it is also present in hypothyroid and euthyroid patients. The prevalence of thyroid conditions in patients with thyroid eye disease had been previously evaluated; however, there is no consensus on a global prevalence. The study aims to estimate the prevalence of hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, and euthyroidism in patients with TED, through a systematic review of literature. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature following the PRISMA guidelines, in MEDLINE, COCHRANE, EMBASE, Science Direct, and LILACS databases. Inclusion criteria were primary studies of patients with a diagnosis of thyroid eye disease made by an ophthalmologist or with diagnosis criteria, with measurement of thyroid function (TSH, T3, and free T4), and diagnosis of the primary thyroid condition. A quality assessment was made through the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality tools. Finally, we extracted relevant details about the design, the results, and the prevalence of thyroid disorders in thyroid eye disease. Results: The initial search revealed 916 studies, of which finally thirteen met inclusion criteria. Six studies were performed in Europe (Germany, Wales, and Spain), five in Asia (Iran, South Korea, Japan, and Singapore), one in North America (USA), and one in Africa (Ghana). The global prevalence, in patients of thyroid eye disease, was 10.36% for hypothyroidism, 7.9% for euthyroidism, and 86.2% for hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: Professionals should be aware that thyroid eye disease can be present in patients with a normal thyroid function. The assessment for these patients is based on orbital images; serum TSH, T3, and free T4; antibody levels as thyrotropin receptor antibodies; and thyroperoxidase levels. Additionally, we want to encourage research in this field in other regions of the world such as Latin America.

Summary The aim of the study was to assess the effect of guar gum on the quality and textural properties of gluten‐free (GF) cheese bread made using chilled and frozen GF cheese dough. The guar gum addition was at 3.5% (G3.5), 4% (G4) and 4.5% (G4.5) levels, based on the weight of the cheese in the product. Samples of frozen dough with 3.5% guar gum and of chilled dough with 4.5% guar gum were chosen for sensory analysis as they had the closest hardness and specific volume to samples of fresh dough and dough without guar gum (Control). The overall consumer acceptance of samples that had been processed using freezing treatment presented the lowest liking score due to the light salty taste.

Purpose The aim of this study was to review the scientific evidence and describe the ocular treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) related to pharmacological treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods A systematic review of literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines in the MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases. Articles were filtered based on title and abstract considering the selection criteria and subsequently filtered by full-text reading. The resulting articles were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute Quality Tools. Study characteristics and results were extracted and presented in structured tables to conduct a narrative synthesis. Results A total of 2852 published articles were extracted using our strategy. After removing duplicates, 2841 articles were screened based on title and abstract, 102 articles were evaluated using quality tools, and 69 articles were filtered by full-text reading. Through this search strategy, 60 articles met all the inclusion criteria and seven articles, through a search update conducted in the same manner, were included. This resulted in 67 articles meeting the inclusion criteria, of which 11 were experimental and 56 were observational. The therapies related to ocular TEAEs were alemtuzumab, amantadine, fingolimod, steroids, CTLA-4 Ig, estriol, interferon β, natalizumab, hyperbaric oxygen, rituximab, siponimod, teriflunomide, and tovaxin. Fingolimod and siponimod were commonly associated with macular edema, interferon β was associated with retinopathy, alemtuzumab was associated with thyroid eye disease, amantadine was associated with corneal edema, and steroids were associated with acute retinal necrosis. Opportunistic infections were also found, and there was one life-threatening case. Conclusions Our search revealed different methodological assessments of the topic. However, longitudinal studies regarding ocular TEAEs related to multiple sclerosis therapy are necessary to provide evidence-based recommendations, especially in understudied regions such as Latin America and Africa. Physicians should monitor ocular symptoms in patients being treated for multiple sclerosis and consider an interdisciplinary approach. Systematic review registration PROSPERO ID CRD42020106886

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La obesidad es una enfermedad multifactorial, es decir que resulta de la interacción de múltiples factores genéticos y ambientales. Para su estudio se hace necesario el uso de herramientas de investigación que permitan explorar mecanismos de interacción entre el genoma completo y la nutrición. La genómica nutricional que engloba la nutrigenética y la nutrigenómica ha estudiado el papel de los genes en la obesidad. Aunque estas dos últimas están íntimamente asociadas, toman un enfoque diferente para entender la relación entre los genes y la dieta. Se han encontrado diversas variantes genéticas asociadas a la susceptibilidad de la enfermedad, con el Índice de Masa Corporal, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, la circunferencia de la cintura y la relación cintura cadera, así como la interacción entre estas y el consumo de diferentes nutrientes como los hidratos de carbono y los lípidos. Se ha postulado que varias regiones del genoma están asociadas al control del peso corporal, y la forma como ciertos nutrientes pueden incluso modificar algunos procesos celulares que aumentan el riesgo de obesidad. Aún cuando estos hallazgos son de valioso significado, presentan limitaciones que impiden que hasta el momento tengan aplicación clínica. El objetivo de esta revisión es describir los avances en la genómica nutricional respecto a la obesidad y cuál ha sido el papel y la aplicación de las ciencias ómicas en su estudio.