COLONIZATION AND GROWTH OF <i>ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM</i> (PHAEOPHYTA) IN MAINE<sup>1</sup>

Keser, Milan; Larson, Bruce R.

doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1984.00083.x

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Twenty years of observation a t Lamoine Maine, USA, revealed no successful coloniza-tion by A. nodosum clespite its abundance a t this and adjacent sites (Vadas & Wright 1986). This particl~lar population has noticeably declined in cover during the last 5 to 10 yr. Several other sites in Maine show similar recruitment patterns, with few exceptions (Keser & Larson 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Episodic recruitnient, which is well recognized in many organisms (White 1985) including marine invertebrates (Coe 1956, Vahl 1982, Sebens & Lewis 1985, Tegner 1986 and recently algae (Reed et al 1988), could account for the presence of A. nodosr~m on moderate and exposed shores. Its presence and repopulation on highly protected shores may b e more straightforward (Keser & Larson 1984) although specific mechanisms al-e lacking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These suppressed shoots Iunction a s 'meristem banks' (Cousens 1985, Vodas & Wright 1986) a n d are thought to re-establish the bed following disturbance to the canopy. Once established these dense stands or patches of A , nodosum appear to occupy space [or decades, and thus pre-empt space (Lewis 1976) or oulcornpete other fucoids for space through growth and longevity (Schonbeck & Norton 1980, Keser & Larson 1984, Cousens 1985, Vadas & Wright 1986.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recruitment of Ascophyllum nodosum: wave action as a source of mortality

Vadas¹,

Wright²,

Miller³

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

168

134

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The brown alga Ascophyllum nodosuni (L.) Le Jolis is a dominant rocky intertidal organlsm throughout much of the North Atlantic Ocean, yet its inabilily 10 colonize exposed or denuded shores is well recognized. Our experimental data show that wave action is a major source of mortality to recently settled zygotes. Artificially recniited zygotes consistently exhibited a Type IV survivorsh~p curve in the presence of moving water. As few as 10, bul olten only 1 reLalively low energy wave removed 85 to 99'% of recenlly setlled zygotes. increasing the setting time for attachment of zygotes (prior to distilrbance from water movemenl) had a positive effect on survival. However, survival was significantly lower at high densities, and decreased at long (24 h) setting times, probably as a result of bacleria 011 the surface of zygotes. Spatial refuges provided significant protection from gentle water movement but relatively little protectjon from waves. These data indicate that zygotes are maladapted lor attachment in moving water and suggest that water movement is the primary faclor conlrolliny recruitment and distributional patterns of A. nodosum. These and earlier observations on the long-term lack of colonizat~on of denuded shores suggest that successful recruitment is highly epjsodic on all but the most sheltered shores. Because of the widespread don~ina~~ce of A. nodosum, disturbance b y waves or currents, and stochastic events may play major roles in structuring intertidal comrnunilies In the Northwest Allantic.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Recruitment of Ascophyllum nodosum: wave action as a source of mortality

Vadas¹,

Wright²,

Miller³

1990

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

168

134

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“…The dominant grazer in the western Atlantic is the periwinkle Littorina littorea. Experimental comparisons in Ireland have shown this species to have a lower ability to limit macroalgal development than patellid limpets (O'Connor and Crowe 2005) although numerous observations at sheltered sites in New England suggest at high densities grazing pressure from L. littorea can be high enough to prevent the establishment of perennial algae (Keser and Larson 1984, Miller and Vadas 1984, Petraitis 1987, Bertness et al 2004. With increasing wave exposure Menge 1978, McQuaid 1996) and latitude (Adey and Hayek 2005) L. littorea declines in abundance and it is unclear to what extent it, or other smaller littorinid species such as Littorina saxatalis, is responsible for the control of macroalgae on exposed shores.…”

Section: Herbivorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Ecology of North Atlantic Shores: Do Differences in Players Matter for Process?

Jenkins

Moore

Burrows

et al. 2008

Ecology

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Abstract. The contrasting histories of the western and eastern shores of the North Atlantic Ocean provide an excellent opportunity to consider the implications of past events for present ecological processes and the functioning of marine ecosystems. Similarities and differences in assemblage composition have been driven by large-scale events, such as the trans-Arctic interchange, which has shaped the species pool, and cycles of glaciation, which have determined phases of local or regional extinction and colonization. More recently, anthropogenically induced invasions and local extinctions have significantly altered biogeographic distributions. Here we consider for both hard and soft substrata how the presence or absence of key taxa influences the outcomes of trophic and other biological interactions, and evaluate the consequences for community structure and ecosystem functioning. On intertidal hard substratum shores, biodiversity of epilithic microphagous grazers differs across latitudinal and longitudinal scales. Diversity is high in southern Europe but declines to the north and across the Atlantic. Lower diversity and the absence of patellid limpets in Iceland and the northwest Atlantic compared to Europe result in differences in consumer pressure, and an apparent contrast in the importance of herbivory vs. competitive interactions and predation pressure as community structuring processes. Interestingly, despite differences in ''process,'' community patterns are remarkably similar between the east and west. On soft sediment shores, there are conspicuous geographic differences in importance of bioturbators and large digging predators. Hemichordates can be abundant and important infaunal bioturbators in the western Atlantic, but they generally play a much reduced role in the eastern Atlantic. In addition, the number and diversity of digging predators on western Atlantic shores is high; the horseshoe crab, swimming portunid crabs, large whelks, excavating waterfowl, and an abundance of skates and rays exert intense predation pressure and associated biogenic disturbance to sediments. In Europe, except for excavating waterfowl these taxa are rare or absent. Thus, the importance of large, biological agents of disturbance is lower on European shores as a consequence of both recent anthropogenic pressure and natural processes over larger time scales. Consideration of key structuring taxa over the Atlantic shows that human-mediated transport has had considerable influence. Faunas on both sides of the Atlantic are becoming more similar to the point that some of the key differences in assemblage composition and hence community organization have blurred. Recent introductions as well as planned experimental manipulations provide the opportunity to understand the role of species identity in determining community structure and ecosystem functioning over large spatial scales; the North Atlantic may be an ideal test system to explore these areas.

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“…Thus, successful recruitment is highly episodic, with juvenile plants primarily occurring in small patches within sheltered and often upper intertidal areas (cf. Boney, 1965Boney, , 1966Busse, 1983;David, 1943;Keser & Larson, 1984;Moore & Sproston, 1940;Printz, 1956). Ascophyllum's inability to recruit may be compensated by its enormous annual investment in reproduction, its peren-nial habit, and the presence of a dense understory of suppressed shoots that serve as "meristem banks" (cf.…”

Section: Fucus Distichusmentioning

confidence: 99%