Colonoscopic manifestations of typhoid fever with lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Lee, J.H; Kim, J.J; Jung, Ji Hey; Lee, S.-Y; Bae, Mun Hee; Kim, Y.-H; Son, Hee Jung; Rhee, Poong–Lyul; Rhee, Jong Chul

doi:10.1016/j.dld.2003.10.013

Cited by 41 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…4 Common colonoscopic manifestations of typhoid fever include punched-out ulcerations of various sizes, edematous hyperemic mucosal patches and active bleeding. 6 We saw similar ileocecal and colonic ulcerations on colonoscopy; however, we also found granulomas on biopsy in the absence of mycobacterial infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ileocecal ulceration and granulomatous ileitis as an unusual presentation of typhoid fever

Cheung

Merkeley²,

Srigley³

et al. 2012

CMAJ

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Ileocecal ulceration and granulomatous ileitis as an unusual presentation of typhoid fever

Cheung

Merkeley²,

Srigley³

et al. 2012

CMAJ

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“…In exceptional circumstances, surgery, intra-arterial vasopressin, or colonoscopic interventions have been used to halt hemorrhage (580)(581)(582). The management of intestinal perforation includes nasogastric suction, administration of fluids to correct hypotension, and prompt surgery.…”

Section: Treatment Of Severe Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY Salmonella enterica infections are common causes of bloodstream infection in low-resource areas, where they may be difficult to distinguish from other febrile illnesses and may be associated with a high case fatality ratio. Microbiologic culture of blood or bone marrow remains the mainstay of laboratory diagnosis. Antimicrobial resistance has emerged in Salmonella enterica , initially to the traditional first-line drugs chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and then fluoroquinolone resistance have developed in association with chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and also by plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms. Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins has occurred more often in nontyphoidal than in typhoidal Salmonella strains. Azithromycin is effective for the management of uncomplicated typhoid fever and may serve as an alternative oral drug in areas where fluoroquinolone resistance is common. In 2013, CLSI lowered the ciprofloxacin susceptibility breakpoints to account for accumulating clinical, microbiologic, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic data suggesting that revision was needed for contemporary invasive Salmonella infections. Newly established CLSI guidelines for azithromycin and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were published in CLSI document M100 in 2015.

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“…It is accountable for up to 50% of all enteric fever cases, causing more asymptomatic infection than S. typhi (Woods et al, 2006;Neupane et al, 2010;Mahapatra et al, 2016). In developed countries, enteric fever is a sporadic disease that occurs mainly in returned travelers from the endemic areas (Lee et al, 2004). In recent years, countries like Japan and United States of America have already experienced increase incidence of Salmonella paratyphi A in returned traveler from various endemic regions (Judd et al, 2015;Katanami et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A: An emerging health concern in Nepal

Pokharel¹,

Lekhak²,

Amatya³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Microbiol. Res.

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Enteric fever is an invasive life-threatening systemic disease caused by the Salmonella enterica human-adapted serovars typhi and paratyphi. Increased incidence of infection with S. enterica serovar paratyphi A poses a significant health concern in some areas of the world. In this study, the incidence of enteric fever confirmed by isolation of Salmonella paratypi A or S. typhi from blood cultures of patients presenting with clinical symptoms was 5.1%. Of the total isolates, 64.13% were S. paratyphi A, and 35.87% were Salmonella typhi. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin, ceftriaxone and cefixime. Conventional antibiotics (ampicillin, cloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole) showed 100% sensitivity rate towards S. paratyphi A and 96.9% towards S. typhi. Overall nalidixic acid-resistance (NAR) rate was extremely high (92.39%). Nalidixic acid resistant (MIC ≥ 32 µg/ml) S. paratyphi A showed increased MICs of the fluoroquinolone than nalidixic acid resistant S. typhi ranges from 0.125-8 µg/ml with ciprofloxacin and 0.25-4 µg/ml with levofloxacin and was statistically significant (p≤0.001). Immunization with currently available vaccines against typhoid fever does not provide cross protection against paratyphoid fever. This may contribute to the emergence of paratyphoid fever as the major cause of enteric fever in Nepal and possibly other geographical locations.

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Colonoscopic manifestations of typhoid fever with lower gastrointestinal bleeding

Cited by 41 publications

References 10 publications

Ileocecal ulceration and granulomatous ileitis as an unusual presentation of typhoid fever

Ileocecal ulceration and granulomatous ileitis as an unusual presentation of typhoid fever

Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Antimicrobial Management of Invasive Salmonella Infections

Enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A: An emerging health concern in Nepal

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