Articles you may be interested inEnhanced efficiency and reduced roll-off in nondoped phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with triplet multiple quantum well structures Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 083304 (2010) (Ir(ppz) 3 ) to distinguish the contribution of the emission from the triplet exciton energy transfer/diffusion from the adjacent blue phosphorescent emitter and the trap-assisted recombination from the narrow band-gap emitter itself. The charge trapping effect of the narrow band-gap deep-red emitter which forms a quantum-well-like structure also plays a role in shaping the electroluminescent characteristics of multi-color organic light-emitting diodes. By accurately controlling the position of the ultrathin sensing layer, it is considerably easy to balance the white emission which is quite challenging for full-color devices with multiple emission zones. There is nearly no energy transfer detectable if 7 nm thick Ir(ppz) 3 is inserted between the blue phosphorescent emitter and the ultrathin red emitter. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx