Color vision and age in a normal North American population

Roy, Monique; Podgor, Marvin J.; Collier, Bronwyn; Gunkel, Ralph D.

doi:10.1007/bf00170545

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Despite the fact that previous investigations of vision in normal subjects have shown that specific human visual abilities vary substantially (Benton et al, 1978;Ginsburg et al, 1981;Yates et al, 1987;Roy et al, 1991;Nothdurft, 1993), no systematic analysis of these behavioral ranges has been reported. These limited observations, however, do raise the interesting question of whether the correlated variations we report in the sizes of the optic tract, LGN, and V1 are the basis for differences in individual visual ability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Correlated Size Variations in Human Visual Cortex, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Optic Tract

1997

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We have examined several components of the human visual system to determine how the dimensions of the optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and primary visual cortex (V1) vary within the same brain. Measurements were made of the cross-sectional area of the optic tract, the volumes of the magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the LGN, and the surface area and volume of V1 in one or both cerebral hemispheres of 15 neurologically normal human brains obtained at autopsy. Consistent with previous observations, there was a two-to threefold variation in the size of each of these visual components among the individuals studied. Importantly, this variation was coordinated within the visual system of any one individual. That is, a relatively large V1 was associated with a commensurately large LGN and optic tract, whereas a relatively small V1 was associated with a commensurately smaller LGN and optic tract. This relationship among the components of the human visual system indicates that the development of its different parts is interdependent. Such coordinated variation should generate substantial differences in visual ability among humans.Key words: visual system; primary visual cortex; lateral geniculate nucleus; optic tract; allometry; interindividual differences Whether differences in human cognitive ability depend on brain size has been debated without resolution for more than a century (

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Correlated Size Variations in Human Visual Cortex, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Optic Tract

1997

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“…C olour vision discrimination and contrast sensitivity deteriorate progressively with advancing age (Derefeldt et al 1979;Roy et al 1991). This decline in normal sensitivity with age has been explained by optical factors, e.g.…”

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confidence: 99%

Colour contrast sensitivity in cataract and pseudophakia

Friström

Lundh

2000

Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica

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ABSTRACT.Purpose: To study the influence of cataract on peripheral and central colour contrast sensitivity. Methods: Peripheral and central colour contrast sensitivity was measured with a computer graphics system along the protan, deutan and tritan axes. Included were 30 patients with cataract divided into three sub-groups: cortical cataract, nuclear sclerosis and posterior subcapsular cataract. Colour contrast was measured before and after cataract operation. Results: There were significant differences in peripheral colour contrast thresholds comparing the preoperative and postoperative results. This difference existed even in patients (nΩ19) with a pre-operative visual acuity Ø0.5 (mean 0.6). The tritan axis was the one most affected by cataract. There was no significant difference between cataract sub-groups. Also, the central colour contrast sensitivity was affected by cataract. Again, the tritan axis was the most affected one. There was no significant difference between the cataract sub-groups. We also found large and significant differences in central colour contrast thresholds between normal subjects and postoperative values from the cataract group in all colour axes. The colour contrast sensitivity was poorer in pseudophakes than in normals. There was a difference between the three groups of different IOL material used (PMMA, acrylic and silicone). The difference was significant in the protan axis, the acrylic group having the best colour contrast sensitivity. Conclusion: Peripheral colour contrast sensitivity was affected by cataract, even when only moderately developed. This finding is of importance and should be considered when the method is used to study other eye diseases e.g. glaucoma. Central colour contrast sensitivity was also affected by cataract. The pseudophakes were found to have poorer colour contrast sensitivity than normals. The material in the IOL seemed to be of importance for colour contrast.

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“…In this study, the overall 90th percentile score in the subjects who met criteria B was 1.50 in the right eyes and 1.47 in the left eyes (Figure 3), which are close to the results reported by Iregren et al 15 Regarding the 95th percentile score, Ihrig et al 25 tested patients binocularly and reported that the CCI values in a healthy group ranged from 1.21 to 1.61 calculated by the mean and SD. Unfortunately, unlike the F-M 100-hue test scores, the 90th and the 95th percentile CCI scores cannot be calculated using the mean and SD, because the CCI using D-15DS does not have a Gaussian distribution even after transformation 3 (Figure 2). Therefore, a large sample size is required to assume the accuracy of the 90th or 95th percentile score.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although some previous reports have proven that this quantitative scoring system using the D-15DS was useful for screening 8 and correlated with the score of the 100-hue test, 12,13 the reference intervals were investigated with only a small sample size 3,14,15 and adequate discrimination values are still unclear. In general, the 90th or 95th percentile value in a normal population is important for colour vision testing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although colour discrimination function declines with increasing age [1][2][3] and some occupations such as artists, graphic designers, naval navigation officers, and soldiers require good colour discrimination to perform many job-related activities, colour vision testing is generally not part of a routine screening. Little research has been performed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for acquired colour vision impairment (ACVI) in individuals of working age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reference intervals and discrimination values of the Lanthony desaturated D-15 panel test in young to middle-aged Japanese army officials: the Okubo Color Study Report 1

Shoji

Sakurai

Chihara³

et al. 2008

Eye

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Purpose To better understand the reference values and adequate discrimination values of colour vision function with described quantitative systems for the Lanthony desaturated D-15 panel (D-15DS). Methods A total of 1042 Japanese male officials were interviewed and underwent testing using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates, standard pseudoisochromatic plates part 2, and the D-15DS. The FarnsworthMunsell (F-M) 100-hue test and the criteria of Verriest et al were used as definitive tests. Outcomes of the D-15DS were calculated using Bowman's Colour Confusion Index (CCI). The study design included two criteria. In criterion A, subjects with current or past ocular disease and a best-corrected visual acuity less than 0.7 on a decimal visual acuity chart were excluded. In criterion B, among subjects who satisfied criterion A, those who had a congenital colour sense anomaly were excluded. Results Overall, the 90th percentile (95th percentile) CCI values for criteria A and B in the worse eye were 1.70 (1.95) and 1.59 (1.73), respectively. In subjects satisfying criterion B, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.951 (95% confidence interval, 0.931-0.971). The CCI discrimination values of 1.52 or 1.63 showed 90.3% sensitivity and 90% specificity, or 71.5% sensitivity and 95% specificity, respectively, for discriminating acquired colour vision impairment (ACVI). ConclusionWe provided the 90th and 95th percentiles in a young to middle-aged healthy population. The CCI is in good agreement with the diagnosis of ACVI. Our results could be helpful for using D-15DS for screening purposes.

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Color vision and age in a normal North American population

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

Correlated Size Variations in Human Visual Cortex, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Optic Tract

Correlated Size Variations in Human Visual Cortex, Lateral Geniculate Nucleus, and Optic Tract

Colour contrast sensitivity in cataract and pseudophakia

Reference intervals and discrimination values of the Lanthony desaturated D-15 panel test in young to middle-aged Japanese army officials: the Okubo Color Study Report 1

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