Colored illustrations of obstetrics manipulations and instrumentation techniques of a Turkish surgeon Serafeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century

First detailed description of axial traction techniques by serefeddin sabuncuoglu in the 15th century

“…Despite the Muslim thinkers' tradition, Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu used his own miniatures, describing the techniques even on female patients [11]. As a modest person, he was open about complications and he always criticized himself as well.…”

First illustrations of female “Neurosurgeons” in the fifteenth century by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu

“…He worked as a physician in the Amasya Hospital for 14 years, when it was a very prestigious to hold a position as a doctor in a hospital 20 . Sabuncuoglu, a splendid and courageous surgeon, operated in different parts of the human body, developed numerous original techniques [3][4][5][8][9][10]22 . He has three scientific books and four autographs known to us.…”

“…Sections 71-78 dealt with the normal and abnormal labour, delivery of the dead foetus, due to hydrocephalus and macrocephalus, and management of retained placenta. Sabuncuoglu was the first to describe the classical position for gynaecologic examination, and illustrated "tabibe" (female physician) performing surgery 10 . Section 76 and 77 concerning with the extraction of the dead foetus was mainly based on hook insertion for traction and decompression of the foetal head.…”

The first Turkish illustrated surgical textbook ‘Cerrahiyetü’l-Haniyye’

“…In Cerrahiyetü'l-Haniyye, there are pictures of instruments which are used as treatment. These miniature and pictures of instruments were evaluated on many publications [1][2][3][5][6][7], and this situation shows how valuable the book is.…”

“…Uzel pointed out that there were 137 differences between these two books [1]. In Cerrahiyetü'l-Haniyye, there are general surgery, pediatric surgery, plastic surgery, orthopedic surgery, thoracic surgery, urology, obstetrics and gynecology sections [1,2,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”