Three grasses, (Dactylis glomerata L.), (Lolium multiflorum L.), and (Sorghum vulgare var. sudanese L.), and two legumes, (Trifolium repens L.) and (Medicago sativa L.), were grown in pots on S‐deficient soil fertilized with varying levels of S. In vitro rumen microbial activity as affected by these forages was measured in terms of total gas production using an anaerobic manometric technique. The rumen microbial activity in the grasses increased with increasing S, whereas it decreased with increasing S in the legumes. The microbial activity was inversely related to the level of protein in the plants and directly related to soluble carbohydrates.