“…44,45,47,48,[50][51][52][53][54] Fresh meat is an excellent source of the nutrients required to meet metabolic demands, but consumers are increasingly interested in meat freshness, quality, and safety in addition to the nutritional content. [55][56][57][58] Since ancient times, meat-borne illnesses have been a major public health concern. During the initial stages of meat decay, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced at ppm to ppb levels and are not detected by the human olfactory system, which can lead to the consumption of spoiled meat and potential illness, such as food poisoning, long-term diarrhea, high fever, loss of eyesight or speech, severe dehydration, bloody urine, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain.…”