Colossal low-frequency resonant magnetomechanical and magnetoelectric effects in a three-phase ferromagnetic/elastic/piezoelectric composite

Abstract

Colossal low-frequency resonant magnetomechanical (MM) and magnetoelectric (ME) coupling effects have been found in a three-phase composite made of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramic fibers/phosphor copper-sheet unimorph and NdFeB magnets. The experimental results revealed that the ferromagnetic/elastic/piezoelectric three-phase composite with a cantilever beam structure could show huge bending MM coefficient of ∼145.9 × 10−3/Oe (unit in bending radian per Oe) and ME voltage coefficient of ∼16 000 V/cm·Oe at the first-order bending resonance frequency of ∼5 Hz. The achieved results related to ME effect are at least one order of magnitude higher over those of other ME materials and devices reported ever. The extremely strong MM and ME couplings in the three-phase composite are due to strong magnetic force moment effect induced by the interaction between NdFeB magnets and the applied magnetic field, and further resonant enhancement via the strain-mediated phosphor copper-sheet with a relatively high mechanical quality factor.

Theoretical analysis on low frequency magneto-mechano-electric coupling behavior in piezo-unimorph/magnet composite

“…As can be seen, the experimental data is in good agreement with the calculation results predicted by Eq. (17), which implies that the theoretical model proposed in this paper for the piezo-unimorph/magnet composite is valid.…”

“…Whereas, Xing et al [14][15][16] proposed a distinctive type of ME composite constructed by a piezobimorph and magnet, in which giant ME effect was realized by magneto-mechano-electric (MME) coupling, i.e., the interaction coupling of magnetic torque and piezoelectricity. Following that work, Liu et al [17][18][19] further investigated and developed this type of MME composite and obtained colossal ME effect in composite of a piezofiber/copper bender and magnet. Here, we further study a piezo-unimorph/magnet composite and present the corresponding theoretical model, which was not investigated in previous reports.…”

“…Here, we further study a piezo-unimorph/magnet composite and present the corresponding theoretical model, which was not investigated in previous reports. [14][15][16][17][18][19] In this paper, we focus on the dependencies of the low frequency MME coupling behavior upon geometrical parameters for the piezounimorph/magnet composite. We believe that the obtained results will provide a guidance for the optimal design of the piezo-bimorph/magnet composite.…”

A magneto-mechano-electric coupling equivalent circuit of piezoelectric bimorph/magnets composite cantilever

“…[12][13][14] Traditionally, the ME effect in composite materials of magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases results from the strainmediated coupling interaction between the magnetostrictive effect in the magnetic phase and the piezoelectric effect in the piezoelectric one. 15,16 Recently, a dissimilar type of ME composite consisting of a piezoelectric bimorph or piezoelectric composite cantilever beam and tip magnets was proposed by Xing et al [17][18][19] and Liu et al 20 The ME coupling comes from the magnetic force moment effect of the tip magnets under an applied magnetic field, and subsequently, the piezoelectric effect in the piezoelectric materials. The corresponding experimental results have proved that this composite cantilever structure exhibits colossal low-frequency ME coupling.…”

Energy harvesting from ambient low-frequency magnetic field using magneto-mechano-electric composite cantilever

“…Recently, Xing et al [16][17][18] and Liu et al 19 have proposed a different type of magneto-mechano-electric (MME) composite structure, which is constructed by a cantilever consisting of a piezoelectric bimorph (or piezoelectric composite beam) and tip magnets without magnetostrictive phase, and its ME coupling is based on magnetic force moment effect and piezoelectric effect. This MME composite structure possesses colossal low-frequency ME coupling and brings about a remarkable enhancement in ME coefficients in lowfrequency range.…”