Colour centres in :Fe and :Cu crystals irradiated by 12C ions

Comparative Investigations of Nanohardness and Impurity Distribution Profiles of Lithium Niobate Single Crystals Diffusion Doped by Copper Ions

“…The presence of copper ions in the crystal structure is confirmed by the optical studies. The measured absorption spectra are similar to those reported for LN crystals, doped with Cu during the crystal growth …”

“…[], where the crystal coloration caused by the diffusion of Cu ions was studied. According to the results of earlier studies, the spectrum of Cu‐doped LiNbO 3 crystal is formed by two absorption bands: the band with a maximum at 400 nm, caused by the intervalent transition Cu + → Nb 5+ and the band with a maximum near 1000 nm, caused by 2 E g → 2 T 2g intra‐center transition in Cu 2+ ion.…”

“…[19,25], where the crystal coloration caused by the diffusion of Cu ions was studied. According to the results of earlier studies, [33][34][35][36][37] the spectrum of Cu-doped LiNbO 3 crystal is formed by two absorption bands: the band with a maximum at 400 nm, caused by the intervalent transition Cu + → Nb 5+ and the band with a maximum near 1000 nm, caused by 2 E g → 2 T 2g intra-center transition in Cu 2+ ion. The optical absorption measurements, performed along crystallographic axes Z and X with the scanning light beam perpendicular to the direction of diffusion, allowed to determine how the additional absorption of LiNbO 3 , annealed in the presence of CuO changes at 400 nm and at 1000 nm depending on the distance from the crystal surface.…”

“…The measured absorption spectra are similar to those reported for LN crystals, doped with Cu during the crystal growth. [33][34][35][36][37] The changes of nanohardness "trace" the incorporation of copper ions into the LN structure. The values of nanohardness are the lowest in a 100 µm thick area near the crystal surface and increase with the distance from the crystal surface.…”

Swift heavy ion induced material modifications in Ba1‐xSrxTiO3 ceramics as probed by temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy

“…However, effects of SHI irradiation on ferroelectric ceramics are taken up rather recently and mostly on lead‐based ferroelectrics. For example, 50‐MeV Li 3+ irradiated Pb(Zr 0.53 Ti 0.47 )O 3 (PZT), SrBiTa 2 O 9 (SBT) thin films , 70‐MeV oxygen ion irradiated (PZT), (Pb 1‐x La x )TiO 3 (PLt x ) thin films, relaxor ferroelectrics Pb(Fe 1/2 Nb 1/2 )O 3 (PFN), [Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbTiO 3 ] (PMN‐PT), LiNbO 3 single crystal structure, and nonlead‐based ferroelectrics such as triglycine sulfate and Ba 1‐x Sr x TiO 3 (BSTx) …”