Colour Stability of 3D-Printed and Prefabricated Denture Teeth after Immersion in Different Colouring Agents—An In Vitro Study

Abstract

This study investigated the colour stability of three dimensional (3D)-printed and conventional denture teeth after immersion in different colourants. A total of 60 artificial maxillary central incisors were selected from three types of materials: 3D-printed dental resin (NextDent, 3D Systems, Soesterberg, The Netherlands), prefabricated acrylic teeth in Ivostar Shade (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), and SpofaDent Plus in shade A2 (SpofaDental, Jičín, Czechia). These were immersed in four types of colourants at room temperature (23 °C ± 1 °C), including artificial saliva (pH = 6.8) as a control group, coffee, red wine, and Coca-Cola (n = 5). The temperature and the pH of the colouring agents were maintained throughout all immersion periods. After 7 days (T1), 14 days (T2), and 21 days (T3), the ∆E values were measured with a SpectroShade Micro (SpectroShade, Oxnard, CA, USA) spectrophotometer. Their means were then calculated and compared by two-way ANOVA. The independent factors, immersion time and different staining solutions, as well as the interaction between these factors, significantly influenced ΔE. The highest and the lowest mean ∆Es were recorded for prefabricated teeth in red wine, and 3D-printed teeth in artificial saliva, respectively. All the specimens demonstrated an increased colour change at T1 compared to T3, and the difference in mean ∆E was statistically significant.

Chemical and Structural Assessment of New Dental Composites with Graphene Exposed to Staining Agents

“…These fine particles move into the liquid under Brownian motion, and tend to adsorb onto material surfaces wetted by coffee flow [ 15 , 17 ]. Data in the literature show that microscopic coffee particles fill cavities in rough surfaces with open pores (e.g., zirconia ceramics [ 17 , 48 ] and teeth enamel surfaces [ 14 , 15 ] with a tendency to form dirt clusters.…”

“…In the oral cavity, a discoloration of the surface or substrate of restorations may result due to the degradation, penetration or adsorption of colouring agents at the level of the superficial layer of composite resins. Moreover, surface discoloration can result from surface integrity, roughness and the polishing technique [ 14 ].…”

Comparative Analysis of the Mechanical Properties and Biocompatibility between CAD/CAM and Conventional Polymers Applied in Prosthetic Dentistry

“…PMMA typically exhibits low impact and tensile strength, necessitating reinforcement with filler materials. Current polymers utilized in dental applications often feature dimethacrylate structures, which, upon polymerization, form a network that contributes to the overall reinforcement of composites [24]. In prosthetic dentistry contexts, the addition of EGDMA (Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate) and TEGDMA (Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate) to the MMA (Methyl Methacrylate) monomer before polymerization is preferred over utilizing bis-GMA (Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate) and UDMA (Urethane Dimethacrylate) as a composite material for tooth fillings.…”

Evaluation of Water Sorption and Solubility of 3D-Printed, CAD/CAM Milled, and PMMA Denture Base Materials Subjected to Artificial Aging

“…In addition, differences in the chemical composition of 3D-printed and PMMA acrylics for removable dentures must be considered, as the type of dental resin plays a significant role in the level of water absorption and water solubility [37][38][39]. Photosensitive thermoset liquid monomers such as urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) and triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), photo-initiators, and additives are used for the manufacture of printable resins [7,14,15].…”