Combination effect of phospholipids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on rat cholesterol metabolism

Journal of Food Science

Fukunaga

Nagao

et al. 2019

Self Cite

Lysophospholipids have been recognized as potent biologically active lipid mediators. However, attention has not been paid to the health benefits of dietary partial hydrolysate of phospholipids (PH‐PL), which is rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐bound lysophospholipids. In this study, the effects of PH‐PL on serum and liver lipid profiles of rats upon administration of PH‐PL are demonstrated in comparison to those of fish oil (FO), which comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and DHA‐bound triglyceride (TG). PH‐PL containing EPA and DHA was prepared via enzymatic modification of squid (Todarodes pacificus) meal that is rich in phospholipids. Male Wistar rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone (7%), FO, and PH‐PL. The FO and PH‐PL diets had similar EPA and DHA contents. After the rats had been fed their respective diets for 28 d, their serum and liver lipid contents, fecal lipid excretion, and hepatic gene expression level were measured. The results demonstrated that compared with the soybean oil diet alone, the PH‐PL diet decreased serum and liver TG contents partially because of the enhancement of liver acyl‐CoA oxidase activity and suppression of liver fatty acid synthase activity. In addition, compared with the soybean oil diet, the PH‐PL group exhibited lower serum cholesterol content at least in part because of the reduction of hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl‐CoA reductase mRNA expression level. We found that dietary administration of EPA and DHA containing PH‐PL has a hypolipidemic effect that may help prevent the development lifestyle‐related diseases.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of Dietary Partial Hydrolysate of Phospholipids, Rich in Docosahexaenoic Acid‐Bound Lysophospholipids, on Lipid and Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Serum and Liver

Journal of Food Science

Fukunaga

Nagao

et al. 2019

Self Cite

“…However, the beneficial effects of PL containing n-3 PUFA are poorly described, and it remains unknown whether the beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA reflect esterification of the glycerophosphate structure, or whether the glycerophosphate structure exerts combined effects with n-3 PUFA. Our previous study suggested PL containing n-3 PUFA from squid mantle muscle reduced serum and liver cholesterol contents to a similar extent as TAG containing n-3 PUFA with added soybean PL in rats [18]. In the present study, we compared the effects of diets including TAG containing n-3 PUFA and/or soybean PL, with diets containing PL that included n-3 PUFA on FA metabolism in rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, these studies did not determine whether the glycerophosphate structure of n-3 PUFA needs to be esterified or whether the beneficial effects are due to the combination of n-3 PUFA and the glycerophosphate structure. Our previous study suggested PL containing n-3 PUFA has similar effects on cholesterol metabolism as TAG containing n-3 PUFA with added soybean PL in rats [18]. Hence, the effects of dietary PL that include n-3 PUFA on cholesterol metabolism are not dependent on esterification of n-3 PUFA to glycerophosphate structures, although an additive effect of n-3 PUFA and glycerophosphate structures was identified.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Moreover, PL containing n-3 PUFA from squid mantle muscle reportedly had hypocholesterolemic effects, compared with TAG containing n-3 PUFA in rats [17]. Our previous study suggested PL containing n-3 PUFA has similar effects on cholesterol metabolism as TAG containing n-3 PUFA with added soybean PL in rats [18]. However, these studies did not determine whether the glycerophosphate structure of n-3 PUFA needs to be esterified or whether the beneficial effects are due to the combination of n-3 PUFA and the glycerophosphate structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Hypolipidemic Effects of Phospholipids (PL) Containing n‐3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Are Not Dependent on Esterification of n‐3 PUFA to PL

Fukunaga

Fukao

et al. 2016

Lipids

Self Cite

Phospholipids (PL) containing n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have beneficial effects of maintaining and promoting health compared with triacylglycerols (TAG) containing n-3 PUFA or general PL. This study evaluated the effects of dietary PL containing n-3 PUFA and elucidated the effects of the glycerophosphate structure and n-3 PUFA on fatty acid (FA) metabolism in rats. Rats were fed a basal diet containing soybean oil alone, TAG containing n-3 PUFA (1.8%), soybean PL (2.7%), PL containing n-3 PUFA (2.7%), or TAG containing n-3 PUFA (1.8%) + soybean PL (2.7%). The present n-3 PUFA-supplemented diets had similar FA compositions, and the PL diets had similar PL compositions. TAG containing n-3 PUFA reduced serum TAG contents, but did not affect serum cholesterol contents compared with soybean oil alone. PL diets containing n-3 PUFA and the combination of TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL resulted in decreased serum and liver TAG contents compared with the diet containing soybean oil alone, reflecting enhanced liver FA β-oxidation. The results of this study show that TAG containing n-3 PUFA with added soybean PL affects serum and liver TAG and cholesterol contents to a similar degree as PL containing n-3 PUFA. TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL are widely used as functional food ingredients and pharmaceutical constituents and are inexpensive compared with PL containing n-3 PUFA. Therefore, the combination of TAG containing n-3 PUFA and soybean PL has potential as a useful and inexpensive component of functional foods.

“…Several mechanisms could explain the cholesterol‐lowering function of the dietary oils. One possibility is enhanced fecal sterol excretions (Hosomi et al., 2012). The SCO‐M and SCO‐U diets significantly increased the fecal neutral sterols, namely cholesterol and coprostanol excretions than the Control and TO groups (Table 7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of dietary oils prepared from the internal organs of the Japanese giant scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) on cholesterol metabolism in obese type‐II diabetic KK‐A^y mice

Sugimoto

Food Science & Nutrition

Yoshida

et al. 2020

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide (World Health Organization, 2017). CVD are mostly caused by atherosclerosis which is formed in the fibrofatty lesions in the artery wall (Libby et al., 2019). The development of fibrofatty lesions requires high cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TAG) contents in the blood (Generoso et al., 2019; Libby et al., 2019). An improvement in dyslipidemia, including high TAG and cholesterol contents in blood, through medicine and food could