Combination of Asymmetric Supercapacitor Utilizing Activated Carbon and Nickel Oxide with Cobalt Polypyridyl-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell

Potential active materials for photo-supercapacitor: A review

“…The dye regeneration process occurs through oxidation of Co II to Co III in the redox electrolyte, which prompts the diffusion of Co III ions to the intermediate electrode. These are thereby reduced by accepting electrons from the oxidation process of Ni 2þ to Ni 3þ on the Ni(Co)O x layer [13]. Fig.…”

“…Various counter electrodes (CEs) have been employed in DSSC fabrication, such as Pt, a PtCl 4 -treated electrode, nickel foil [13,58,59], carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon black, graphite, activated carbon (AtC), graphene nanosheet@ZnO nanorods, rGO@PPy [33,58e60], and polyaniline (PANI) [61]. The CE functions as a mediator to regenerate the dye molecules, where it is able to reduce iodideetriiodide redox species, as shown in Equation (15) [58].…”

“…Though a DSSC has a high energy conversion efficiency, it is unable to store the converted energy. Therefore, it requires an additional energy storage device such as a supercapacitor for a storage system, as well as to serve as the main power delivery output in most applications such as optoelectronic devices [13]. Therefore, a photosupercapacitor, which is a device that couples a solar cell, typically a DSSC, and an energy storage device such as a set of batteries, capacitor, or lately a supercapacitor, has generated considerable interest because of its superior photon-to-electricity conversion and in-situ energy storage abilities for future energy storage development [14].…”

“…The alluring electrochemical traits of a supercapacitor such as its high power density (up to 10 kW kg À1 ), fast charging, and longer life cycles have attracted immense attention among researchers in most research works over the last few decades [13,15,16]. The key points in attaining a high-performance supercapacitor with an enhanced specific capacitance always include a large surface area, controlled pore size, layer stacking, and distribution of electrode materials [17].…”

Theoretical analysis and characterization of the energy conversion and storage efficiency of photo-supercapacitors

“…In order to identify this maximum, multiple charge-discharge experiments must be performed, each with a different charging time, which can be problematic if the solar cell's efficiency changes during the prolonged light exposure. While the maximum ECSE of a PSC cannot be higher than its solar cell's power conversion efficiency (PCE), the relation between the two can vary widely: in previous work [10,11,[14][15][16], the ratio ECSE/PCE can go as low as 0.12 [16] and as high as 0.81 [15].…”