Combination of Carbonate Hydroxyapatite and Stem Cells from Human Deciduous Teeth Promotes Bone Regeneration by Enhancing BMP-2, VEGF and CD31 Expression in Immunodeficient Mice

Abstract

The objective of this study was to clarify the efficiency of a combination of stem cells from human deciduous teeth and carbonate apatite in bone regeneration of calvarial defects. Immunodeficient mice (n = 5 for each group/4 groups) with artificial calvarial bone defects (5 mm in diameter) were developed, and stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and carbonate hydroxyapatite (CAP) granules were transplanted with an atelocollagen sponge as a scaffold. A 3D analysis using microcomputed tomography, and 12 weeks after transplantation, histological and immunohistochemical evaluations of markers of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cluster of differentiation (CD) 31 were performed. In the 3D analysis, regenerated bone formation was observed in SHEDs and CAP, with the combination of SHEDs and CAP showing significantly greater bone regeneration than that in the other groups. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations showed that combining SHEDs and CAP enhanced the expression of BMP-2, VEGF, and CD31, and promoted bone regeneration. This study demonstrates that the combination of SHEDs and CAP transplantation may be a promising tool for bone regeneration in alveolar defects.

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound promotes periodontal regeneration in a beagle model of furcation involvement

“…Li et al (2022) reported that LIPUS could enhance the mRNA level and secretion of VEGF in endothelial cells. As a proangiogenic cytokine, VEGF-mediated signaling has been demonstrated to have crosstalk with BMP signal transduction, which plays a critical role in the biofunctions of stem cells in vivo (Grosso et al, 2017;Putranti et al, 2022). Zhang et al (2014) previously proved that the combined treatment with VEGF and BMP-2 could promote bone regeneration by facilitating endogenous stem cell homing and directing the differentiation of these cells into endothelial and osteogenic lineages.…”

Bioactive Scaffolds as a Promising Alternative for Enhancing Critical-Size Bone Defect Regeneration in the Craniomaxillofacial Region

“…(IIIb) After 8 weeks postimplantation, histological findings (Masson’s Trichrome) demonstrated higher bone regeneration (red, black arrows) in CSDs grafted with SHED/CAP scaffolds compared to acellular scaffolds. The figure is reprinted (adapted) with permission from reference under the CC BY-NC-ND license (). (IV) ADSCs-loaded β-TCP granules or bioglass were grafted into CSDs in patients, enhancing bone healing.…”

“…SHEDs are derived from pulp tissue of deciduous teeth. When SHEDs were seeded on Col sponges containing carbonate apatite (CAp) and implanted into cranial CSDs in immunodeficient mice, they showed the most significant osteoinductive activity compared to Col sponges containing solely SHEDs or CAp, suggesting a synergistic effect of cells and CAp on osteogenesis (Figure III). A different investigation showed that growing SHEDs on scaffolds with osteogenic culture medium for a week in vitro before grafting into rat calvarial CSDs, enhanced bone regeneration .…”

“…SHEDs are derived from pulp tissue of deciduous teeth. When SHEDs were seeded on Col sponges containing carbonate apatite (CAp) and implanted into cranial CSDs in immunodeficient mice, they showed the most significant osteoinductive activity compared to Col sponges containing solely SHEDs or CAp, suggesting a synergistic effect of cells and CAp on osteogenesis248 (Figure…”

Biomaterials for bone defect repair: Types, mechanisms and effects

“…39 It has been reported that bone regeneration can be promoted and bone defects can be repaired by enhancing VEGF protein expression. 40 Although the role of VEGF in promoting tissue repair and fracture healing is well established, the importance and role of VEFF may vary at different stages of the bone healing process, for example, the results of a study suggesting that the formation of osteonecrosis is not due to VEGF-mediated failure of angiogenesis. 41 Among the VEGF family, VEGF-A has a leading role in angiogenesis.…”