Combination of different geophysical techniques for the location of historical waste in the Izery Mountains (SW Poland)

Application of different geophysical techniques to study Technosol developed on metallurgical wastes

“…Vertical distribution of κ in shallow topsoil cores (30 cm) collected in areas of positive anomalies revealed that the maximum κ values are not located in the uppermost organic horizon as is usually observed in the case of magnetic anomalies of deposition character (Magiera et al, 2006(Magiera et al, , 2019, but occurred in the deeper layer (usually below 15 cm or deeper). In some cases (cores B21, B42, and B47), the highest κ values were observed at the bottom of the 30 cm core and probably extend to deeper layers.…”

“…Especially, heterogenic material with high variability and resistivity <300 Ωm was observed in the eastern part of the transect between 160 and 200 m. In this place, a ravine was located that had been buried in the early 2000s, along which a former railway line ran to the foundry. Such heterogeneity is characteristic for many industrial wastes or anthropogenic ashes located in subsurface landfills (Łyskowski et al, 2018; Magiera et al, 2019).…”

“…The similar methodology based on the joint magnetic and geoelectrical techniques was applied in the Izera Mts (SW Poland) to determine the location of buried historical waste containing the mixture of bottom ashes and slags from historical glass production (Magiera et al, 2019) and to identify zones of pollution spreading into the soil and rock mass in the vicinity of the tailing pile of Pb‐Zn flotation wastes near Olkusz (southern Poland) (Pierwoła et al, 2020). Combination of ground‐penetrating radar with ERT and magnetic techniques was also used in Old Town of Krakow (Poland) for identification of historical anthropogenic layers (Łyskowski et al, 2018).…”

“…In many cases, the anthropogenic material differs in its physical and chemical properties both from the rocks of the geological base of the area in which it is located and from the overlying organic horizon of the topsoil (Łyskowski, Pasierb, Wardas‐Lasoń, & Wojas, 2018; Magiera, Żogała, Szuszkiewicz, Pierwoła, & Szuszkiewicz, 2019). In particular, waste generated at high temperatures (metallurgical waste, slag from metal smelting, ashes and slags from fossil fuel combustion) have very high magnetic susceptibility, low electrical resistivity, and large fluctuations in the measured magnetic and geoelectric signal, which is a result of their high heterogeneity (Birch, Scholger, Walach, Stremke, & Cech, 2015; Di Maio et al, 2018; Humphris & Carey, 2016; Kowalczyk, Cabalski, & Radzikowski, 2017; Magiera et al, 2019; Vernon, McDonnell, & Schmidt, 1998; Walach, Scholger, & Cech, 2011). In this situation, integrated magnetic and geoelectric techniques may be applied to determine more precisely the location of buried wastes or historical anthropogenic layers (Appiah, Wemegah, Asare, Danuor, & Forson, 2018; Cabała, Żogała, & Dubiel, 2008; Dumont, Robert, Marck, & Nguyen, 2017; Luberti, Vergari, Pica, & Del Monte, 2019; Moscatelli et al, 2014).…”

Application of GPR and seismic methods for noninvasive examination of glacial and postglacial sediments in the Psia Trawka glade: the Tatra Mts., Poland

“…For this purposes, seismic and geoelectrical survey methods are most commonly used (Magiera et al 2019;Żogała et al 2010;Ohioma et al 2017). In this case, the geophysical measurements were taken with the application of two methods, i.e., Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method and seismic one.…”