Combination of Probiotics and Salvia miltiorrhiza Polysaccharide Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis via Gut Microbiota Modulation and Insulin Resistance Improvement in High Fat-Induced NAFLD Mice

Abstract

Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, which is currently the leading cause of obesity-related cancer deaths in middle-aged men. Methods: Probiotics with lipid-lowering function were screened from the fecal microbiota of healthy adults. Polysaccharide from different sources was screened for improving insulin resistance. The combination of probiotics and Salvia miltiorrhiza polysaccharide (LBM) was investigated for alleviating hepatic steatosis. Results: First, Bifidobacterium bifidum V (BbV) and Lactobacillus plantarum X (LpX) were obtained from the fecal microbiota of healthy adults. Second, to improve insulin resistance, a Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide showing good performance in reducing insulin resistance was obtained. The liver total cholesterol (TC) and total triglyceride (TG) levels and the serum levels of free fatty acid, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG, and TC can be significantly reduced through supplementation with LpX-BbV (LB) in NAFLD mice. Interestingly, the function of the probiotic LB can be enhanced by S. miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide. Furthermore, the gut microbiota was modulated by LpX-BbV+S. miltiorrhiza Bunge polysaccharide (LBM). The lipopolysaccharide concentration of the LBM group was decreased by 73.6% compared to the NAFLD group. Ultimately, the mRNA concentrations of the proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 1β [IL-1β], and IL-6) decreased with LB and LBM treatment. Conclusion: The results of this this study indicate that the LBM combination can be used as a therapeutic for ameliorating NAFLD via modulating the gut microbiota and improving insulin resistance.

Effects and Mechanisms of Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, and Postbiotics on Metabolic Diseases Targeting Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review

“…Moreover, synbiotics containing Lactobacillus paracasei N1115 and fructo-oligosaccharides alleviate NAFLD in mice, resulting in improving lipid metabolism with inhibiting the production of LPS, as well as downregulating related molecular targets like TLR4 and NF-κB [ 82 ]. Furthermore, the synbiotics containing Bifidobacterium bifidum V, Lactobacillus plantarum X, and polysaccharide from Salvia miltiorrhiza revealed a better beneficial effect on improving NAFLD and inhibiting LPS production than the single agent [ 83 ].…”

MiR-455 targeting SOCS3 improve liver lipid disorders in diabetic mice

“…The estimated global prevalence of NAFLD is 25%, which is as high as 30% in some countries [1]. Recent clinical researches have revealed that diabetes plays an important role in the progression of NAFLD [2,3] and has become a strong predictor of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis [4]. However, there is still a lack of effective treatment for NAFLD [5].…”

Effect of a Herbal Formula Song Zhi Wan on Non-alcoholic Fatty liver Disease in Obese Mice

“…Gardenia jasminoides Ellis is also an ingredient of two traditional Chinese formulae, Yinchenhao Decoction and Qushi Huayu Decoction, both of which have been shown to reduce hepatic fat accumulation in rats [13]. Likewise, many in vivo studies have demonstrated the hepatoprotective and hypolipidaemic effects brought about by other SZW ingredients such as Cudrania cochinchinensis [14], Poria cocos [15,16], Ilex asprella [17], Salvia miltiorrhiza [18][19][20], Cortex Lycii [21], and Amomum villosum [22]. Although the exact mechanisms of the combination of these ingredients in SZW on the alleviation of NAFLD, as well as the possible synergy involved, remain to be determined, taken together with its effect on body weight, serum total cholesterol and triglyceride, SZW was demonstrated to show an improvement of liver function in this NAFLD mouse model.…”