Combination of Transversus abdominis plane block and Serratus plane block anesthesia in dogs submitted to masctetomy

Abstract

This paper pretends to demonstrate the effect of the combination of transversus abdominis plane block (TAP block) and Serratus plane block (SP block) techniques in analgesia of 4 dogs undergoing total unilateral mastectomy. Dogs were premedicated with methadone (0.5mg.kg-1) intramuscularly. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (6mg.kg-1) and midazolam (0.3mg.kg-1) and maintained with isoflurane. SP and TAP block were performed unilaterally using ultrasound by the injection of bupivacaine 0.25% (0.3mL kg-1) diluted with NaCl solution 1:1. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (f), non-invasive arterial pressure, esophageal temperature (T), oxygen saturation (SpO2) and electrocardiogram were monitored continuously. Animals were monitored for two and four hours after extubation for pain by using the Canine Acute Pain Scale from Colorado State University. Two hours after extubation, tramadol (4mg.kg-1) and dipyrone (25mg.kg-1) was administered to all dogs. It was not observed any alteration on cardiac rhythm. HR, f, T and mean arterial pressure remained below the preincisional values for all dogs. No dog required intraoperative rescue analgesia. Recovery from anesthesia was without any complication. All animals scored 0 (0/5) at pain scale, two and four hours after extubation and none of them expressed concern over the surgical wound. Dogs were able to walk before two hours after extubation. The combination of both techniques is effective in anesthetic blocking the thoracic and abdominal walls and it is suggested both may be included in the multimodal analgesia protocols for this type of surgery.

A randomised trial: effects of different anesthesia methods on early perioperative pain sensitivity and cellular immune function in patients undergoing radical mastectomy

“…However, TTP block can block the inner region of the breast. Thus, TTP-PECS block has a better analgesic effect (7,8). To date, little research has been conducted on TTP-PECS block combined with propofol anesthesia in patients undergoing radical mastectomy.…”

Transverse abdominal plane block in a llama undergoing midline coeliotomy

“…Methylene blue distribution in cadavers have been investigated and confirmed LA distribution in the desired facial plane in calf, 16 dog 17–21 and horse 22 . Further, several case reports and studies have been published detailing its clinical use in calves, 23 dogs, 24–26 cats, 27 lynx, 28 horse 29 and chinchilla 30 …”

Combined caudal retrocostal and lateral ultrasound-guided approach for transversus abdominis plane injection: A descriptive pilot study in pig cadavers

“…Both the lateral and caudal retrocostal TAP injection approaches in this study were conducted appropriately and without difficulties. Modifications of TAP block in order to desensitize the abdomen in various animals with their unique anatomical features have been suggested [ 14 , 17 – 19 , 21 ]. In this context, a two-point TAP block provides a wider coverage to reach nerves responsible for both the cranial and caudal abdominal wall.…”

“…In this context, a two-point TAP block provides a wider coverage to reach nerves responsible for both the cranial and caudal abdominal wall. As an example, Portela et al [ 14 ] and Teixeira et al [ 17 ] used two injection points within the TAP plane in dogs aiming to increase the spread of LA and to provide better analgesia for the long abdominal incisions. Recently, Mirra et al [ 21 ] also described a two-injection point TAP in calf cadavers.…”

“…The TAP block relies on the large volume of injectate to cover several spinal nerves. The volume of the dye used (0.3 mL/kg/injection point) was based on previous similar studies in dogs [ 14 , 17 ]. In general, distribution of LA in the TAP depends on the volume and the technique.…”