Combinatorial aerosol deposition of bismuth–antimony thermoelectric coatings with tunable composition

Powder Aerosol Deposition and Polymers: Is There Hope for a Common Future?

“…The relevant literature in this context can be classified by the underlying simulation method into CFD simulations, mostly in combination with finite-element methods (FEM) [33,38,39,51,77,[83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93] and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. [13,[94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] CFD simulations are mainly used to investigate the dynamic behavior of the particles and the carrier gas, and in combination with FEM, the evolution of the field-distributed quantities in impacting particles and the substrate. MD simulations rather aim to understand the deformation and bonding to the substrate via atomistic processes.…”

“…The change in particle or impact velocity on the deposition mechanism has been studied in great detail. [51,77,[83][84][85][91][92][93][94]98,[100][101][102] A CFD simulation was performed by Park et al for a one-particle impact of 0.3 μm Al 2 O 3 particles on Al 2 O 3 and glass substrates using the Johnson-Holmquist 2 (JH-2) material model. [85] At low impact velocities, the particles elastically rebound at the substrate without major deformation (Figure 14a,d), while at a velocity of 50 m s À1 for the Al 2 O 3 substrate and 100 m s À1 for the glass substrate, a tensile stress was generated vertically to the impact direction, which induced fragmentation in addition to the elastic rebounding (Figure 14b,e).…”

“…[33] This result was confirmed in further work using various simulation methods and different systems. [38,77,85,[91][92][93]95,98,[100][101][102] Chun et al used a CFD simulation with the JH-2 material model to study the single-and twoparticle impact of 0.5 μm Al 2 O 3 particles impacting on Al 2 O 3 substrates with a velocity of 350 m s À1 . [38] While the first particle impact led to a maximum pressure of 5.7 GPa and a maximum temperature of 600 K close to the particle-substrate interface, the impact of the second particle produced an increase in temperature and pressure at the interface between the first particle and the substrate that was larger than in the one-particle case.…”

“…MD simulations are much better suited for this because, unlike CFD simulations, they are not based on a continuum, but on the interaction of individual atoms, which enables the mapping of microstructural changes on the basis of atomistic processes. In three series of MD simulations carried out by Ogawa, [94][95][96] Daneshian, [13,97,99] and Song et al, [100][101][102] the atomistic processes during the deposition were studied. Ogawa investigated the impact of 10 nm ZrO 2 particles on ZrO 2 substrates at velocities of 250-2000 m s À1 in a first MD simulation using the interatomic potential of Darivedi and McCormack.…”

Investigation of the Properties of Anti-Friction Coatings Deposited with Different Casting Methods

“…Cu helps prevent deformation and plastic flow of the coating under load, through which the required distance between the contacting surfaces is kept stable [ 44 ]. Sb adds hardness to the Babbitt alloy coating and increases its wear resistance [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. This factor is critical in applications where the contacting surfaces experience high friction, such as in bearings or other sliding surfaces [ 14 , 49 , 50 , 51 ].…”