2010
DOI: 10.1149/1.3476311
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Combinatorial Study of the Sn–Cu–C System for Li-Ion Battery Negative Electrode Materials

Abstract: Thin-film combinatorial sputter-deposited Sn-Cu-C alloys for negative electrodes of Li-ion batteries were characterized using electron microprobe ͑energy-dispersive spectroscopy͒, X-ray diffraction, electrochemical methods, and 119 Sn Mössbauer effect spectroscopy. Combinatorial libraries with nominal compositions Sn x Cu y C 1−x−y with x = 0.49, x = 0.39, and x = 0.25 ͑0 Ͻ y Ͻ 1 − x͒ and Sn x Cu y C 1−x−y with y/x = 6/5 ͑0 Ͻ 1 − x − y Ͻ 0.45͒ were investigated. The addition of carbon was responsible for a dec… Show more

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Cited by 20 publications
(34 citation statements)
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(53 reference statements)
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“…267 In a separate experiment, C particles that could mitigate grain growth were added, and a capacity retention in excess of 90% was observed. 268 The explanation for this behavior is the formation of the Cu 6 Sn 5 phase, which becomes the principal Li intercalation material within a C matrix, and prevents grain aggregation. …”
Section: Anode Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…267 In a separate experiment, C particles that could mitigate grain growth were added, and a capacity retention in excess of 90% was observed. 268 The explanation for this behavior is the formation of the Cu 6 Sn 5 phase, which becomes the principal Li intercalation material within a C matrix, and prevents grain aggregation. …”
Section: Anode Materialsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Work in this area has focused primarily on Cu 6 Sn 5 with an effort to create nano-sized Cu-Sn grains to help reduce damaging effects caused by stress/strain due to volume changes upon lithiation [1,8,9]. It is widely believed that amorphous or nanostructured materials are best suited for high-volume expansion alloys such as Sn to further reduce the effects of expansion and contraction [10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is widely believed that amorphous or nanostructured materials are best suited for high-volume expansion alloys such as Sn to further reduce the effects of expansion and contraction [10]. A number of thin film amorphous alloy negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries have been prepared using combinatorial sputter deposition [9,[11][12][13][14]. These include amorphous Sn-Co-C and other Sn-TM-C alloys (TM = Ti, V and Cu).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Another attractive way to manage the volume change associated with the alloying/de-alloying reaction of tin and lithium is to prepare amorphous nanocomposites made of an active and an inactive elements along with some graphitic carbon, such as Sn-Mn-C [49], Sn-Fe-C [50][51][52], Sn-Co-C [53][54][55], Sn-Ni-C [56], or Sn-Cu-C [57,58]. The intimate mixture of the inactive element and the graphite acts as a matrix to accommodate the volume change during the reaction of Sn with lithium.…”
Section: Tin-based Compositesmentioning
confidence: 99%