SUMMARYTwo treatment planning methods for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were compared: conventional whole-body BGO scintillator positron emission tomography (PET) (PET CONV WB) and a new brain PET system using semiconductor detectors (PET NEW BR). In this study, 12 patients with NPC were analyzed. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was visually delineated on PET images using either PET CONV WB or PET NEW BR. The average absolute volume of GTV contoured with the use of the new brain PET was significantly smaller than that of conventional whole-body BGO PET.Assuming a stereotactic radiotherapy boost plan of 7 ports, the plan using the new brain PET would significantly reduce the maximum dose to the cerebrum and cerebellum and brain stem. The new brain PET system using semiconductor detectors can provide more accurate tumor delineation than the conventional whole-body BGO PET system and has the potential to offer functional and molecular radiotherapy treatment planning.Katoh 4 ABSTRACT Purpose: We compared treatment planning of stereotactic boost for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) between using conventional whole-body BGO scintillator positron emission tomography (PET) (PET CONV WB) and using the new brain PET system using semiconductor detectors (PET NEW BR).Methods and Materials: The present study included 12 patients with NPC.18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET images were acquired with both the PET NEW BR and a PET CONV WB on the same day. CT and two PET data sets were transferred to a treatment planning system, and the PET CONV WB and PET NEW BR images were co-registered with the same set of CT images. The window width and level for all PET images were fixed at 3000 and 300 respectively. The gross tumor volume (GTV) was visually delineated on PET images using either PET CONV WB images (GTV CONV ) or PET NEW BR images (GTV NEW ). Assuming a stereotactic radiotherapy boost of 7 ports, the prescribed dose delivered to 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) was set to 2000 cGy in 4 fractions.Results: The average absolute volume of GTV NEW was 15.7 ml (standard deviation; SD, 9.9), and that of GTV CONV was 34.0 ml (SD, 20.5). The average of GTV NEW was significantly smaller than that of GTV CONV (p=0.0006). There was no statistically Conclusion: The present study suggests that the new brain PET system using semiconductor detectors can provide more accurate tumor delineation than conventional whole-body BGO PET system and may be an important tool for functional and molecular radiotherapy treatment planning.