Combined administration of low molecular weight sodium alginate boosted immunomodulatory, disease resistance and growth enhancing effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus )

Sodium alginate supplementation modulates gut microbiota, health parameters, growth performance and growth‐related gene expression in Malaysian MahseerTor tambroides

“…These findings suggested that the optimum dietary administration of sodium alginate enhanced the growth rate and feed efficiency which may have resulted from an increased protein turnover of juvenile T. tambroides . Significant increase in SGR and FCR in fish and shellfish fed dietary sodium alginate has been previously observed in Tilapia (Van Doan et al, ), Procambarus clarkii (Mona et al, ), sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus (Xia et al, ), shrimp Penaeus monodon (Chung et al, ), orange‐spotted grouper, Epinephelus coioides (Yeh et al, ) and Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (Vollastad et al, ). Although the exact mechanism by which sodium alginate significantly improves growth performance of fish has not been clarified yet, it may be due to the fact that sodium alginates act as prebiotic.…”

“…In the present study, dietary supplementation of sodium alginate at 0.2%–0.8% showed significantly increased respiratory burst activity compared to control. Previous studies also reported that dietary supplementation of sodium alginate increased the respiratory burst activity in white shrimp (Cheng et al, ); orange‐spotted grouper (Cheng, Tu, Chen, Nan, & Chen, ; Yeh et al, ); Taiwan abalone, Haliotis diversicolor (Cheng & Yu, ); kelp grouper, Epinephelus brneus (Harikrishnan et al, ); juvenile grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus (Cheng et al, ; Chiu et al, ); Atlantic cod (Vollastad et al, ); Procambarus clarkii (Mona et al, ); and tilapia (Van Doan et al, ). However, no significant difference in respiratory burst activity was also observed in tiger shrimp (Liu, Yeh, Kuo, Cheng, & Chou, ).…”

“…The present study indicated non‐significant increasing level of lysozyme activity in sodium alginate‐supplemented treatments. However, a number of previous studies reported that sodium alginate supplementation significantly increased lysozyme activity in orange‐spotted grouper (Cheng et al, ; Yeh et al, ), kelp grouper, (Harikrishnan et al, ), juvenile grouper (Cheng et al, ; Chiu et al, ) and tilapia (Van Doan et al, ).…”

“…Muscle growth by hyperplasia and hypertrophy in fish is controlled by several genetic factors such as growth hormone ( GH ), insulin‐like growth factors ( IGF s), myogenic regulatory factors ( MRF s) and myostatin (Johnston et al, ). Previous studies on different aquatic species already reported that dietary supplementation of sodium alginate significantly improves the growth rate of farmed fish (Chung et al, ; Mona et al, ; Van Doan et al, ; Vollastad et al, ; Xia et al, ; Yeh et al, ). However, actual role of sodium alginate in regulating muscle growth at cellular and molecular levels in fish still needs to be clarified.…”

“…Sodium alginate, which is one of the brown algal non‐digestible polysaccharides, is commonly used as probiotic encapsulation (Cordero et al, ; Rosas‐Ledesma, León Rubio, Alarcón, Moriñigo, & Balebona, ; Tapia‐Paniagua et al, ) and may function as prebiotics. A significant number of previous studies reported that dietary supplementation of sodium alginate improved the growth performance and feed utilization of various fish and shellfish species (Chung, Liu, Chen, & Cheng, ; Mona, Rizk, Salama, & Younis, ; Van Doan, Hoseinifar, Tapingkae, Tongsiri, & Khamtavee, ; Vollastad, Bogwald, Gåserød, & Dalmo, ; Xia et al, ; Yeh, Chang, Chang, Liu, & Cheng, ). Besides improving growth performance and feed utilization, sodium alginate has also been known to stimulate the innate immune system of various fish and shellfish species (Cheng, Chen, & Chen, ; Cheng, Liu, Kuo, & Chen, ; Cheng & Yu, ; Chiu, Tsai, Hsu, Liu, & Cheng, ; Harikrishnan et al, ; Mona et al, ; Van Doan et al, ; Vollastad et al, ; Yeh et al, ).…”