Combined analysis of fourteen nuclear genes refines the Ursidae phylogeny

Pagès, Marie; Calvignac, Sébastien; Klein, Catherine J.; Paris, Mathilde; Hughes, Sandrine; Hänni, Catherine

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.019

Cited by 93 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…3A and Figs. S3 and S4) comparable to recently reported phylogenies based on complete mt genomes and nuclear sequences (2,3,25). The phylogenetic results clearly demonstrate, with high support, the close relationship of the subfossil specimen to modern polar bear (Fig.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear

Lindqvist

Schuster

Sun

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

154

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The authors note that, due to a printer's error, on page 5054, right column, second paragraph, eighth line, "Within this clade, we estimated the mean age of the split between the ABC bears and the polar bears to be 152 ky, and the mean age for all polar bears as 134 ky, near the end of the Eemian interglacial period and completely in line with the stratigraphically determined age of the Poolepynten subfossil (11)," should instead appear as "Within this clade, we estimated the mean age of the split between the ABC bears and the polar bears to be 152 ky, and the mean age for all polar bears as 134 ky, near the beginning of the Eemian interglacial period and completely in line with the stratigraphically determined age of the Poolepynten subfossil (11)." This error does not affect the conclusions of the article. This error has been corrected online and in print.www.pnas.org/cgi

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 86%

Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear

Lindqvist

Schuster

Sun

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

146

154

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“…Our analyses recovered relationships among outgroup taxa that were consistent with previous genetic studies ( [12,25], but see [26]). Within Tremarctinae, we recovered strong support for a clade comprising Tremarctos ornatus and Arctotherium to the exclusion of Arctodus simus (Bayesian posterior probability ¼ 1.0, maximum-likelihood bootstrap percentage ¼ 98%; figure 1).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America

et al. 2016

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The Tremarctinae are a subfamily of bears endemic to the New World, including two of the largest terrestrial mammalian carnivores that have ever lived: the giant, short-faced bears Arctodus simus from North America and Arctotherium angustidens from South America (greater than or equal to 1000 kg). Arctotherium angustidens became extinct during the Early Pleistocene, whereas Arctodus simus went extinct at the very end of the Pleistocene. The only living tremarctine is the spectacled bear (Tremarctos ornatus), a largely herbivorous bear that is today only found in South America. The relationships among the spectacled bears (Tremarctos), South American short-faced bears (Arctotherium) and North American shortfaced bears (Arctodus) remain uncertain. In this study, we sequenced a mitochondrial genome from an Arctotherium femur preserved in a Chilean cave. Our molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the South American short-faced bears were more closely related to the extant South American spectacled bear than to the North American short-faced bears. This result suggests striking convergent evolution of giant forms in the two groups of short-faced bears (Arctodus and Arctotherium), potentially as an adaptation to dominate competition for megafaunal carcasses.

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“…Due to the inherent uncertainty of molecular clocks, some authors have refrained from applying them to these species [32,67,140,199]. Cahill et al [23] note that the molecular divergence times for bear species are relative, not absolute dates because of the uncertainty of the fossil record regarding bear species' divergences.…”

Section: Arctic Ocean Marine Mammalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological response to climate change in the Arctic Ocean: the view from the past

Cronin

2015

Arktos

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The Arctic Ocean is undergoing rapid climatic changes including higher ocean temperatures, reduced sea ice, glacier and Greenland Ice Sheet melting, greater marine productivity, and altered carbon cycling. Until recently, the relationship between climate and Arctic biological systems was poorly known, but this has changed substantially as advances in paleoclimatology, micropaleontology, vertebrate paleontology, and molecular genetics show that Arctic ecosystem history reflects global and regional climatic changes over all timescales and climate states (10 3 -10 7 years). Arctic climatic extremes include 25°C hyperthermal periods during the Paleocene-Eocene (56-46 million years ago, Ma), Quaternary glacial periods when thick ice shelves and sea ice cover rendered the Arctic Ocean nearly uninhabitable, seasonally sea-ice-free interglacials and abrupt climate reversals. Climate-driven biological impacts included large changes in species diversity, primary productivity, species' geographic range shifts into and out of the Arctic, community restructuring, and possible hybridization, but evidence is not sufficient to determine whether or when major episodes of extinction occurred.

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Combined analysis of fourteen nuclear genes refines the Ursidae phylogeny

Cited by 93 publications

References 39 publications

Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear

Complete mitochondrial genome of a Pleistocene jawbone unveils the origin of polar bear

Ancient mitochondrial DNA reveals convergent evolution of giant short-faced bears (Tremarctinae) in North and South America

Biological response to climate change in the Arctic Ocean: the view from the past

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