Combined analytical strategies for chemical and physical characterization of tar from torrefaction of olive stone

Trubetskaya, Anna; Johnson, Robert; Monaghan, Rory F.D.; Ramos, Andrezza S.; Brunsvik, Anders; Wittgens, Bernd; Han, Yinglei; Pisano, Italo; Leahy, James J.; Budarin, Vitaliy L.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2020.120086

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Similarly, the trend was overall maintained in torrefaction of grape pomace, reported by Botelho et al [61], despite the significantly different location of the feedstock on Van Krevelen's diagram. The location of raw BSG on Van Krevelen's diagram seems to be in good agreement with the area typical for carbohydrates, as depicted by Trubetskaya et al [112]. This seems sensible, as BSG would consist mainly of fibre, with small amounts of residual sugars.…”

Section: Torrefied Bsg As a Solid Fuelsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This seems sensible, as BSG would consist mainly of fibre, with small amounts of residual sugars. BSG could contain some proteins, which generally has lower O/C in comparison to carbohydrates [112]. However, thr relatively low N content (Figure 5) suggests that the content of proteins was not significant.…”

Section: Torrefied Bsg As a Solid Fuelmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Such loss of hydroxyl groups could potentially contribute to the hydrophobic character of torrefied products [111,[117][118][119]. [112]. This seems sensible, as BSG would consist mainly of fibre, with small amounts of residual sugars.…”

Section: Torrefied Bsg As a Solid Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective

Jackowski¹,

Niedźwiecki²,

Mościcki³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Brewers’ Spent Grain is a by-product of the brewing process, with potential applications for energy purposes. This paper presents the results of an investigation aiming at valorization of this residue by torrefaction, making product for two purposes: a solid fuel that could be used for generation of heat for the brewery and a colouring agent that could replace colouring malt for the production of dark beers. Decreased consumption of malt for such purposes would have a positive influence on the sustainability of brewing. Torrefaction was performed at temperatures ranging between 180 °C and 300 °C, with a residence time between 20 and 60 min. For the most severe torrefaction conditions (300 °C, 60 min), the higher heating value of torrefied BSG reached 25 MJ/kg. However, the best beer colouring properties were achieved for mild torrefaction conditions, i.e., 180 °C for 60 min and 210 °C for 40 min, reaching European Brewery Convention colours of 145 and 159, respectively. From the solid fuel properties perspective, the improvements offered by torrefaction in such mild conditions were modest. Overall, the obtained results suggest some trade-off between the optimum colouring properties and optimum solid fuel properties that need to be considered when such dual-purpose torrefaction of BSG for brewery purposes is implemented.

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Section: Torrefied Bsg As a Solid Fuelsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Torrefied Bsg As a Solid Fuelmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective

Jackowski¹,

Niedźwiecki²,

Mościcki³

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…The organosolv lignins used in this paper were extensively structurally characterized in previous studies by various researchers. 57 − 59 The FTIR and NMR spectra were, thus, used to verify that the structures of all the organosolv lignins are guaiacyl–syringyl types with predominantly aromatic groups. 60 − 62 The L1 and L2 lignins were observed to have higher aromaticity than the other two lignins and L4 lignin was deduced to have the highest purity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Room Temperature Fabrication of Macroporous Lignin Membranes for the Scalable Production of Black Silicon

et al. 2022

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Rising global demand for biodegradable materials and green sources of energy has brought attention to lignin. Herein, we report a method for manufacturing standalone lignin membranes without additives for the first time to date. We demonstrate a scalable method for macroporous (∼100 to 200 nm pores) lignin membrane production using four different organosolv lignin materials under a humid environment (>50% relative humidity) at ambient temperatures (∼20 °C). A range of different thicknesses is reported with densely porous films observed to form if the membrane thickness is below 100 nm. The fabricated membranes were readily used as a template for Ni 2+ incorporation to produce a nickel oxide membrane after UV/ozone treatment. The resultant mask was etched via an inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etch process, forming a silicon membrane and as a result yielding black silicon (BSi) with a pore depth of >1 μm after 3 min with reflectance <3% in the visible light region. We anticipate that our lignin membrane methodology can be readily applied to various processes ranging from catalysis to sensing and adapted to large-scale manufacturing.

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“…Knowledge of the composition of raw and pre-treated products is important to better understand the pre-treatment process as well as further refinement of value-added products. The analysis of pre-treated products is tedious due to the complexity of mixtures containing compounds of low and high polarity, which are not always possible to resolve with conventional techniques [20]. The pyrolysis product, i.e., bio-oil, has its challenges, such as the high-water content, high viscosity, low pH, instability, presence of solids, high oxygen content and low calorific value [21].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Special Issue: Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams

Trubetskaya

Μάτσακας

2021

Processes

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Combined analytical strategies for chemical and physical characterization of tar from torrefaction of olive stone

Cited by 15 publications

References 87 publications

Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective

Synergetic Co-Production of Beer Colouring Agent and Solid Fuel from Brewers’ Spent Grain in the Circular Economy Perspective

Room Temperature Fabrication of Macroporous Lignin Membranes for the Scalable Production of Black Silicon

Special Issue: Biochemical and Thermochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass Fractionated Streams

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