Combined application of cortisol and triiodothyronine in the culture of larval marine finfish

Brown, Christopher L.; Kim, Bong G.

doi:10.1016/0044-8486(95)01016-5

Cited by 67 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In zebrafish, THs are necessary for the transition from the embryonic to larval stage and from the larval to the juvenile stage (Liu and Chan, 2002). Hence, TH disruption or reduced concentrations of THs during either of these transitions can cause growth retardation (Brown and Kim, 1995). A significant growth inhibition was observed in our study, which was consistent with the results of previous reports indicating that chemical disruption of TH production in zebrafish embryos and larvae caused growth reduction (Elsalini and Rohr, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Exposure to DE-71 alters thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis of zebrafish larvae

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Exposure to DE-71 alters thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis of zebrafish larvae

et al. 2010

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“…Hence, if TH disruption occurs during either transition, growth retardation might occur (Brown et al, 1997). Lower concentrations of THs can cause growth retardation and excessive doses of THs can also have a negative effect on growth (Lam et al, 1985;Brown and Kim, 1995). In the present study, a significant inhibition of growth was observed in the present study at the higher concentration exposure (400 lg L À1 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Waterborne exposure to PFOS causes disruption of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis in zebrafish larvae

et al. 2009

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“…As has been demonstrated for other fish species, it can be assumed that the halibut egg/yolk sack carries a maternal source of THs, as detectable levels of THs are found in the halibut larvae prior to 142 D°, when a few sporadic thyroid gland follicles first appear. The potential role of THs in early fish development is suggested from studies in which THs have been administered and shown to accelerate development and improve survival in round fish (Brown et al 1988;Brown and Kim 1995;de Jesus et al 1998). In addition, the inhibition of TH synthesis suggests that THs play an important role in fin and scale development in zebrafish larvae (Brown 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thyroid and pituitary gland development from hatching through metamorphosis of a teleost flatfish, the Atlantic halibut

et al. 2005

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Fish larval development, not least the spectacular process of flatfish metamorphosis, appears to be under complex endocrine control, many aspects of which are still not fully elucidated. In order to obtain data on the functional development of two major endocrine glands, the pituitary and the thyroid, during flatfish metamorphosis, histology, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were applied on larvae of the Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus), a large, marine flatfish species, from hatching through metamorphosis. The material was obtained from a commercial hatchery. Larval age is defined as day-degrees (D°=accumulated daily temperature from hatching). Sporadic thyroid follicles are first detected in larvae at 142 D°(27 days post-hatch), prior to the completion of yolk sack absorption. Both the number and activity of the follicles increase markedly after yolk sack absorption and continue to do so during subsequent development. The larval triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and thyroxine (T 4 ) content increases, subsequent to yolk absorption, and coincides with the proliferation of thyroid follicles. A second increase of both T 3 and T 4 occurs around the start of metamorphosis and the T 3 content further increases at the metamorphic climax. Overall, the T 3 content is lower than T 4 . The pituitary gland can first be distinguished as a separate organ at the yolk sack stage. During subsequent development, the gland becomes more elongated and differentiates into neurohypophysis (NH), pars distalis (PD) and pars intermedia (PI). The first sporadic endocrine pituitary cells are observed at the yolk sack stage, somatotrophs (growth hormone producing cells) and somatolactotrophs (somatolactin producing cells) are first observed at 121 D°( 23 days post-hatch), and lactotrophs (prolactin producing cells) at 134 D°(25 days post-hatch). Scarce thyrotrophs are evident after detection of the first thyroid follicles (142 D°), but coincident with a phase in which follicle number and activity increase (260 D°). The somatotrophs are clustered in the medium ventral region of the PD, lactotrophs in the anterior part of the PD and somatolactotrophs are scattered in the mid and posterior region of the pituitary. At around 600 D°, coinciding with the start of metamorphosis, somatolactotrophs are restricted to the interdigitating tissue of the NH. During larval development, the pituitary endocrine cells become more numerous. The present data on thyroid development support the notion that thyroid hormones may play a significant role in Atlantic halibut metamorphosis. The time of appearance and the subsequent proliferation of pituitary somatotrophs, lactotrophs, somatolactotrophs and thyrotrophs indicate at which stages of larval development and metamorphosis these endocrine cells may start to play active regulatory roles.

show abstract

Combined application of cortisol and triiodothyronine in the culture of larval marine finfish

Cited by 67 publications

References 12 publications

Exposure to DE-71 alters thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis of zebrafish larvae

Exposure to DE-71 alters thyroid hormone levels and gene transcription in the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis of zebrafish larvae

Waterborne exposure to PFOS causes disruption of the hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis in zebrafish larvae

Thyroid and pituitary gland development from hatching through metamorphosis of a teleost flatfish, the Atlantic halibut

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