Combined Building-Energy Systems with Heat Transfer Control by Building Constructions using RES

Abstract

Energy systems built into one of the building structures that serve to capture solar energy, geothermic energy, and ambient energy, or which have the function of end elements of heating, cooling, and ventilation system, we generally call combined building-energy systems. Among combined building-energy systems we include solar roofs with built-in pipe absorbers, building structures with active thermal protection (ATP) - active heat transfer control, which have a multifunctional purpose – a thermal barrier, low-temperature heating, high-temperature cooling, recuperation and accumulation of heat, solar and ambient energy collection, large-capacity heat storage (ground heat accumulators built simultaneously in the foundation slab of the building), or heat exchangers used for recuperative ventilation of buildings built into the foundation slabs and wall structures. The research of combined building-energy systems at the Department of Building Services, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava has been carried out continuously since 2005. Within five research projects (responsible researcher, Kalús, D.) HZ 04-309-05, HZ 04-310- 05, HZ 04-142-07 (research and experimental measurements took place in the years 2005 to 2007), HZ PG73/2011 (research and experimental measurements took place in the years 2011 to 2013), [13,] and HZ PR10/2015 (research and experimental measurements have been carried out since 2015), two experimental houses IDA I. and EB2020, a mobile laboratory designed for measuring and optimizing a compact heat station using renewable heat sources, were designed and built by the research team at our workplace, and also a research of a fragment of a perimeter wall with built-in active thermal protection was carried out in the climatic chamber of the Faculty of Civil Engineering STU in Bratislava, Slovak Republic. Significant contribution to the research was provided by doctoral students Ing. Martin Cvíčela, Ph.D., (supervisor, Kalús, D.), Ing. Peter Janik, PhD., (supervisor, Kalús, D.) and Ing. Martin Šimko, PhD., (supervisor, Kalús, D.), who described the results of the research in their dissertations. At present experimental measurements in the mobile laboratory are performed by doctoral student Ing. Matej Kubica, (supervisor, Kalús, D.). In the area of combined construction and energy systems, research and optimization of suitable solutions continues, which have been transformed into one European patent and three utility models.

Multi-Aspect Shaping of the Building’s Heat Balance

“…The energy efficiency of a building directly affects the level of energy consumption for various purposes, such as heating and cooling [8][9][10][11], preparation of domestic hot water [12], ventilation [13], and lighting. An effective way of using energy for these purposes should be implemented while ensuring the comfort of use of people staying in the building.…”

“…To achieve a high level of energy efficiency in a building, at least several energy-saving solutions should be used, both in the architectural, construction, and installation areas. If all possible solutions are used, it is possible to achieve the highest level of energy efficiency, i.e., a building with a zero energy balance [10] or an energy-plus building, i.e., a building that generates more energy than it needs.…”