Combined covalent and noncovalent carboxylation of carbon nanotubes for sensitivity enhancement of clinical immunosensors

Niroula, Jinesh; Premaratne, Gayan; Shojaee, S.A.; Lucca, D.A.; Krishnan, Sadagopan

doi:10.1039/c6cc07022a

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The main challenge in the preparation of CNTs is to prevent the formation of CNT aggregation and achieve their optimal dispersion into a polymer matrix [105,106]. Many studies have shown that functionalization is the most effective way to modify the surface of CNT under strong acidic conditions, including covalent and non-covalent [107,108,109]. Covalent functionalization is the formation of new chemical bonds with the surface of nanotube sidewalls through some chemical reaction, such as oxidation, hydrogenation, halogenation, halogenation, etc.…”

Section: Concerns and Current Solutions Of Cnts As Nanomaterials Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering: Superiority, Concerns, Current Advancements, and Prospects

et al. 2019

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With advances in bone tissue regeneration and engineering technology, various biomaterials as artificial bone substitutes have been widely developed and innovated for the treatment of bone defects or diseases. However, there are no available natural and synthetic biomaterials replicating the natural bone structure and properties under physiological conditions. The characteristic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them an ideal candidate for developing innovative biomimetic materials in the bone biomedical field. Indeed, CNT-based materials and their composites possess the promising potential to revolutionize the design and integration of bone scaffolds or implants, as well as drug therapeutic systems. This review summarizes the unique physicochemical and biomedical properties of CNTs as structural biomaterials and reinforcing agents for bone repair as well as provides coverage of recent concerns and advancements in CNT-based materials and composites for bone tissue regeneration and engineering. Moreover, this review discusses the research progress in the design and development of novel CNT-based delivery systems in the field of bone tissue engineering.

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Section: Concerns and Current Solutions Of Cnts As Nanomaterials Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering: Superiority, Concerns, Current Advancements, and Prospects

et al. 2019

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“…Numerous studies have shown that functionalization is the most appropriate method to improve CNT exteriors in severely acidic environments [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Covalent functionalization was used to create novel hydrogen bonds on the nanoparticle surfaces to obtain a certain chemical response, such as hydrogenation, oxidative stress, or alkylation.…”

Section: Cnts In Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

Gangadhar

Sana

Nguyen

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Scaffolds are important to tissue regeneration and engineering because they can sustain the continuous release of various cell types and provide a location where new bone-forming cells can attach and propagate. Scaffolds produced from diverse processes have been studied and analyzed in recent decades. They are structurally efficient for improving cell affinity and synthetic and mechanical strength. Carbon nanotubes are spongy nanoparticles with high strength and thermal inertness, and they have been used as filler particles in the manufacturing industry to increase the performance of scaffold particles. The regeneration of tissue and organs requires a significant level of spatial and temporal control over physiological processes, as well as experiments in actual environments. This has led to an upsurge in the use of nanoparticle-based tissue scaffolds with numerous cell types for contrast imaging and managing scaffold characteristics. In this review, we emphasize the usage of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and CNT–polymer composites in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and also summarize challenges and prospects for their potential applications in different areas.

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“…Such surface carboxylic acid enrichment on commercially purchased gold screen‐printed electrodes modified with MWNT−COOH/Py, used for insulin‐antibody immobilization, improved the sensitivity of peroxidase label‐based sandwich immunosensing of serum insulin. In that prior report, a quinone mediator was used for amperometric detection . In contrary, in the case of BOD enzyme, the surface‐enriched −COOH groups do not proportionately increase the covalently immobilized BOD‐electrocatalyzed direct O 2 reduction currents.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrenyl Carbon Nanotubes for Covalent Bilirubin Oxidase Biocathode Design: Should the Nanotubes be Carboxylated?

et al. 2020

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Understanding the characteristics of nanomaterials in the context of electrode designs for bio‐electrocatalysis is an emerging research direction. Applications for fuel cells, batteries, and biosensors are directly benefited. The objective of this study is to understand the influence of unfunctionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) in comparison to carboxylated nanotubes (MWNT−COOH) for pi‐pi stacking with 1‐pyrenebutyric acid (Py) and covalent immobilization of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) enzyme toward the resulting oxygen reduction currents. We designed pyrolytic graphite‐edge electrodes modified with MWNT/Py, MWNT−COOH/Py, or only MWNT−COOH for carbodiimide activation and BOD immobilization. The relative increase in surface −COOH groups as we move from MWNT to MWNT/Py to MWNT−COOH/Py modification is voltammetrically estimated. Although the MWNT−COOH/Py displayed the highest relative amount of surface −COOH groups, the oxygen reduction current was the largest for the BOD‐immobilized MWNT/Py electrode than others. Results indicate that unfunctionalized MWNT is the optimal choice for pi‐pi stacking with pyrene linkers and covalent BOD immobilization as biocathode for energy devices. Favorable hydrophobic MWNT surface to interact more closely with the electron‐receiving T1 Cu site of BOD, as opposed to the relatively polar and more defective MWNT−COOH material due to functionalization, is suggested to be one of the underlying factors for the observed electrocatalytic trend.

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Combined covalent and noncovalent carboxylation of carbon nanotubes for sensitivity enhancement of clinical immunosensors

Cited by 26 publications

References 29 publications

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering: Superiority, Concerns, Current Advancements, and Prospects

Applications of Carbon Nanotubes in Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering: Superiority, Concerns, Current Advancements, and Prospects

Recent Progress in Carbon Nanotube Polymer Composites in Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

Pyrenyl Carbon Nanotubes for Covalent Bilirubin Oxidase Biocathode Design: Should the Nanotubes be Carboxylated?

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