Combined Effect of Cigarette Smoking and Occupational Exposures on Lung Function

Attarchi, Mirsaeed; Dehghan, Faezeh; Afrasyabi, Mehdi; Sadeghi, Zargham; Mohammadi, Saber

doi:10.1177/216507991306100505

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Health Hazard Evaluation Report 2016-0227-3364 Korn el al 1978;Weeks et al 1981a;Weeks et al 1981b;Bascom et al 1988;Tarlo 1992;Zuskin et al 1996;Kato and Leki 2005;Neghab et al 2007;Akca et al 2011;Neghab et al 2011;Attarchi et al 2013]. A prospective cohort study by Lednar et al followed a cohort of actively employed rubber workers over 10 years and reported a higher rate of pulmonary disability among workers in extrusion and curing process work areas compared with a control group [Lednar et al 1977].…”

Section: Medical Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A prospective cohort study by Lednar et al followed a cohort of actively employed rubber workers over 10 years and reported a higher rate of pulmonary disability among workers in extrusion and curing process work areas compared with a control group [Lednar et al 1977]. Furthermore, a rubber manufacturing study by Attarchi et al, which reported significantly higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms among production workers compared with non-production workers, reported the highest concentrations of respirable dust in the extrusion and curing areas of the facility [Attarchi et al 2013]. Rubber manufacturing emission exposure varies based on the type of rubber being produced; however, regardless of the type, rubber manufacturing workers can be exposed to mixture of numerous respiratory irritants in the form of gases, particles, and fumes [Akca et al 2011].…”

Section: Medical Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study identified 11 case reports of respiratory conditions, 30 cross-sectional studies, and 26 mortality studies [Thapa et al 2019]. All 30 of the cross-sectional studies had evidence of an association between exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions and respiratory symptoms with 15 of the cross-sectional studies having a statistically significant higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms compared with controls [Fine and Peters 1976a;Fine and Peters 1976b;Fine and Peters 1976c;Fine et al 1976;Gamble et al1976a;Gamble et al1976b;Weeks et al 1981a;Weeks et al 1981b;Bascom et al 1988;Tarlo 1992;Zuskin et al 1996;Jonsson et al 2007;Neghab et al 2007;Jonsson et al 2008b;Jonsson et al 2009;Neghab et al 2011;Attarchi et al 2013]. Similar to our medical survey, respiratory symptoms reported among these crosssectional studies included nasal congestion, shortness of breath, cough, sputum production, trouble breathing, wheeze, chest tightness, and chest irritation.…”

Section: Medical Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among the 30 cross-sectional studies identified in the NIOSH systematic review, 14 (47%) reported an association with wheeze or whistling in the chest and exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions [Thapa et al 2019]. Although there is a wide variation among rubber manufacturing processes, participants in these studies commonly reported working in the vulcanizing area, molding, thermoinjection process, curing process, and mixing [Fine and Peters 1976a-c;Bascom et al 1988;Meijer et al 1998;Jonsson et al 2007;Jonsson et al 2009;Jonsson et al 2009;Neghab et al 2011;Attarchi. et al 2013].…”

Section: Medical Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the mixing, milling, extruding, and vulcanizing that occurs in the rubber manufacturing process, dusts, gases, vapors, fumes, and chemical byproducts, collectively referred to as rubber manufacturing emissions, are produced and released into the work environment [McMichael et al 1976;Jonsson et al 2008]. Occupational exposure to rubber manufacturing emissions occurs through inhalation or skin contact during the manufacturing process [McMichael et al 1976;Zuskin et al 1996;Meijer et al 1998;Attarchi et al 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of exposures and respiratory health at a rubber manufacturing facility.

2019

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○ Sixteen (18%) of 88 employees informally interviewed reported current respiratory symptoms that improve away from work; nine (10%) participants reported concerns about excessive heat in the production areas during the summer months. ○ Health and safety communication materials posted in English when approximately one-third of the employees were non-native English speakers. ○ Spot measurements of submicron particulates using a real-time particle counter exceeded 500,000 particles per cubic centimeter in 56% of the extrusion and production areas sampled. No occupational exposure limits for submicron particulates have been established. ○ A spot measurement of carbon monoxide concentration higher than 30 parts per million in the long breezeway between the warehouse and manufacturing area. ○ We detected 96 volatile organic compounds from the integrated air samples. • During the June 5-16, 2017 medical survey: ○ Of the 649 employees reported on the employee roster, 365 employees participated in the medical survey. ○ Two hundred sixty-nine (74%) participants reported at least one upper respiratory symptom in the past 12 months, and 160 (59%) of these participants reported their symptoms improved when away from work or something at work aggravated the symptoms. ○ Two hundred twenty-nine (63%) participants reported at least one lower respiratory symptom in the past 12 months, and 103 (45%) of these participants reported their symptoms improved when away from work. ○ Participants were 2.5 times more likely to report wheezing or whistling in the chest in the last 12 months compared with the U.S. general population. ○ Participants were 1.5 times more likely to report shortness of breath on level ground and 1.3 times more likely to report stuffy, itchy, or runny nose compared with the U.S. general population. ○ Compared with participants from non-production departments, participants working in extrusion were 1.8 times more likely to report work-related upper respiratory symptoms and 3.7 times more likely to report work-related breathing trouble. ○ Compared with participants from non-production departments, participants working in mixing were 2.8 times more likely to report work-related upper respiratory symptoms, 4.3 times more likely to report work-related usual cough, and 4.1 times more likely to report trouble with phlegm. ○ Most (89%) spirometry tests were normal; 25 (7%) spirometry tests were interpreted as having a restrictive pattern, seven (2%) an obstructive pattern, and two (1%) a mixed pattern • During the March 5-8, 2018 ventilation visit: ○ Most of the local exhaust ventilation systems throughout the plant, including all spray booths, provided good capture of released contaminants. ○ Generally, the canopy hoods were the poorest performing local exhaust ventilation capture points in the facility due to excessive vertical distance between the rubber production lines and canopy hood openings.

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