Combined Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Ionizing Radiation on the Induction of Apoptosis in 5637 Bladder Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

The combination of two apoptosis-inducing modalities resulted in a synergistic effect on the induction of apoptosis in 5637 bladder carcinoma cells. Although a radiosensitizing effect still has to be proven in animal models, combined-modality treatment may increase the therapeutic effectiveness of irradiation in bladder cancer.

Organ-Sparing Treatment of Advanced Bladder Cancer

“…It helped to establish cisplatin-based concurrent radiochemotherapy as the standard bladder-sparing alternative to cystectomy. New strategies like the sensitization of radioresistant cells by tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-)α or TNF-α-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) [15] could become an interesting additional treatment modality, since currently TNF-α proved supraadditivity with irradiation in bladder cancer cells [1]. Salvage cystectomy has a curative potential in patients with failure after radio(chemo)therapy.…”

Enhanced tumor radiosensitivity by a survivin dominant-negative mutant

“…Aberrations of apoptosis are known to contribute to a variety of diseases including cancer and play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, and radioresistance (24). One cellular mechanism common to radiation is to kill tumor cells via apoptosis (25,26). Radiation can directly damage DNA, resulting in mitochondrial damage due to the breakdown of the mitochondrial membrane potential, which will stimulate the initiation of apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c (27)(28)(29).…”

Potential for the G2/M Arrest Assay to Predict Patient Susceptibility to Severe Reactions Following Radiotherapy

“…One portion was mock-treated and the other two portions were exposed to 2 Gy or 5 Gy. 1-ml aliquots of each irradiated cell sample were taken after 24, 48, and 72 h. Cells were dropped on slides, air-dried, and fixed in 4% formaldehyde for 1 h [2,7,23].…”