Combined effects of host quality and local mate competition on sex allocation inLariophagus distinguendus

Werren, John H.; Simbolotti, G.

doi:10.1007/bf02270721

Cited by 54 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Charnov, 1979;Charnov et al, 1981;Werren, 1984;Waage, 1986;King, 1989;Werren and Simbolotti, 1989). When host size varies, wasps are expected selectively to place fertilized eggs (= daughters) in large 'high quality' hosts and unfertilized eggs (= sons) in small 'low quality' hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid waspAphidius ervi in relation to the size of its host,Acyrthosiphon pisum

1992

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SummaryAdult size (in terms of dry weight; DW) and development time (Tp) of thc solitary parasitoid Aphidius ervi Varied when reared in different nymphal instars of its host, apterous virginoparae of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisurn). Parasitoid DW increased with an increase in the DW of the host at parasitization, from the first to the third aphid instar. Female wasps gained 1.1 times more in DW than their male counterparts in all four host classes, but Tp did not significantly differ between the sexes. Parasitoid DW was consistently more variable than Tp. The two traits covaried positively with an increase in host size from the first to the third instar, but they varied independently in parasitoids from fourth-instar hosts. The host size (and stage) at the time of parasitization imposes constraints on the growth and development of immature A. ervi that are reflected in the pattern of covariation between DW and Tp. When growing in aphids below a certain size threshold, parasitoids can maximize fitness by a trade-off between DW and Tp. Consequently, the assumption implicit in host-size models of parasitoid oviposition decisions -that females incur a relatively greater reduction in size (used as an index of fecundity) than males when developing in poor quality hosts -can be falsified.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid waspAphidius ervi in relation to the size of its host,Acyrthosiphon pisum

1992

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“…The models qualitatively predict that the mother should oviposit a greater proportion of the sex that has larger relative fitness for a given host size (Charnov 1979). Werren (1984), Werren and Simbolotti (1989) and Ikawa et al, (1993) modified the HQ model and incorporated partial dispersal in pre-mating.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Basic models that incorporate an evolutionary view point have been developed for both sex ratio manipulation with local mate competition (Hamilton 1967(Hamilton , 1979Taylor & Bulmer 1980) and variability in quality of hosts (Charnov 1979;Werren 1984;Werren & Simbolotti 1989).…”

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confidence: 99%

Sex allocation of three solitary ectoparasitic wasp species on bean weevil larvae: Sex ratio change with host quality and local mate competition

Nishimura

Jahn

1996

J. Ethol.

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--Sex ratio manipulation by ovipositing females was surveyed in 3 solitary ectoparasitic wasp species, Dinarmus basal& (Pteromalidae), Anisopteromalus calandrae (Pteromalidae), and Heterospilus prosopidis (Braconidae), that parasitize azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis (L) (Coleoptera: Buruchidae)) larvae within azuki beans (Vigna angular&). Variables were local mate competition (LMC) and host quality (HQ).We used host age as a measure of host quality (from 9-to 16-day-old hosts), changed the number of ovipositing females to control the level of local mate competition (1 female and 10 females), and examined oviposition patterns of the wasps. The offspring sex ratios (proportion of females) of the 3 wasp species respond qualitatively same to HQ and LMC. The common qualitative tendency among the 3 species is an increase of sex ratios increase with host age. In the process of changing the sex ratio (9-13-day-old) 3 wasp species respond only to HQ. In the hosts that end development in size (14-16-day-old) wasps respond to LMC. The response of sex ratio change to LMC in the old host ageclasses are different among the 3 species. In the situation that there exists LMC (10 females) sex ratios are the same among the 3 wasps. However, the sex ratios in no LMC (single female) are heterogeneous among the 3 wasps.Sex ratio selection has received much attention from both theoretical and empirical biologists (e.g.,

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“…If the female wasp utilizes both small and large hosts, laying many female eggs on large hosts and many male eggs on small hosts is an efficient decision (Werren & Simbolotti 1989). Previous studies have rarely considered utilization patterns of small and large hosts with respect to offspring sex allocation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decisions determining sex allocation by mated female wasps in certain environmental conditions have been well studied, providing fruitful insights into fitness maximization behaviour in the evolutionary process (Hamilton 1967;Charnov 1979;reviewed in King 1987reviewed in King , 1993. Modification of several aspects of the decision processes, such as clutch size and host acceptance, determine the direction of sex manipulation (Charnov 1979;Suzuki & Iwasa 1980;Werren 1980Werren , 1984King 1988;Werren & Simbolotti 1989;Nishimura 1993). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host selection by virgin and inseminated females of the parasitic wasp, Dinarmus basalis (Pteromalidae, Hymenoptera)

Nishimura

1997

Functional Ecology

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Summary 1.Fitness is related to reproduction and survival. There apparently exists a negative correlation between the numbers of male and female offspring. There also exists a trade-off between survival and reproduction. This paper investigates optimal decisions with the reproduction and survival trade-off in host selection by wasps. 2. Whereas inseminated female wasps could manipulate the sex of their offspring, virgin females produced only male offspring. I surveyed behavioural differences and the consequences of oviposition by inseminated and virgin females of a solitary parasitic wasp in host choice situations. 3. Two host types were available at the same time to both inseminated and virgin female wasps: one (a 17-day-old host in one bean) presenting difficulties for the laying of eggs, but more benefits for the offspring and the other (five 12-or 13-day-old hosts in one bean) easier for the female wasp for laying of eggs but less beneficial for the offspring. 4. Inseminated female wasps chose more 17-day-old hosts than 12-day-old hosts, but more 13-day-old hosts than 17-day-old hosts in each pair-wise choice. Virgin females chose the smaller hosts in both situations. 5. Virgin females, having greater longevity than inseminated females, laid larger numbers of eggs than the inseminated females during their lifetime by adopting an energy-saving host choice that had little effect on male offspring fitness.

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Combined effects of host quality and local mate competition on sex allocation inLariophagus distinguendus

Cited by 54 publications

References 21 publications

Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid waspAphidius ervi in relation to the size of its host,Acyrthosiphon pisum

Covariance of adult size and development time in the parasitoid waspAphidius ervi in relation to the size of its host,Acyrthosiphon pisum

Sex allocation of three solitary ectoparasitic wasp species on bean weevil larvae: Sex ratio change with host quality and local mate competition

Host selection by virgin and inseminated females of the parasitic wasp, Dinarmus basalis (Pteromalidae, Hymenoptera)

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