Combined effects of job strain and social isolation on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in a random sample of the Swedish male working population.

Johnson, Jeffrey G.; Hall, Ellen M.; Theorell, Töres

doi:10.5271/sjweh.1852

Cited by 561 publications

(360 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…All of these studies reported a positive association between work stress and CHD that was robust to adjustment for other risk factors. The number of identified independent prospective cohort studies assessing the job-strain model was 11, relating to a 7-10 times greater total population than that for the other work-stress models (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). Although the overall summary estimate of the age-and gender-adjusted relative risk for CHD among employees with job strain suggested increased risk, some single studies reported null findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically the studies assessed work stress at one point in time only. Eleven independent studies tested the job-strain model (37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46). While the measure of job strain in all of these studies was generated by cross-tabulating the dichotomized or trichotomized scales of job demands and job control, the items included in these scales varied between the studies.…”

Section: Assessment Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Characteristics of studies on work-stress models and coronary heart disease (CHD). (ERI = effort-reward imbalance, CVD = cardiovascular disease) recorded death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) in national mortality registers (41,43). In the Whitehall II study, self-reported angina was included in the outcome in addition to medical records (45), and the outcome in the nurses' health study was self-reported myocardial infarction confirmed by medical records (definite or probable myocardial infarction) and next-of-kin or postal-authorities-reported CHD deaths ascertained by records of the National Death Index (38).…”

Section: Assessment Of Coronary Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease—a meta-analysis

Kivimäki¹,

Virtanen²,

Elovainio³

et al. 2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

787

561

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Kivimäki M, Virtanen M, Elovainio M, Kouvonen A, Väänänen A, Vahtera J. Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease-a meta-analysis. Scand J Work Environ Health 2006;32(6 special issue):431-442.Objectives This study focused on estimating the relative risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in association with work stress, as indicated by the job-strain model, the effort-reward imbalance model, and the organizational injustice model. MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies were carried out. Studies were eligible if they had published a quantitative estimate of the association between work stress and incident CHD or cardiovascular mortality by January 2006.Results Fourteen prospective cohort studies were identified. For a total of 83 014 employees, the age-and gender-adjusted relative ratio of CHD for high versus low job strain was 1.43 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.15-1.84], but the ratio decreased to 1.16 (95% CI 0.94-1.43) after adjustment for risk factors and potential mediators. The age-and gender-adjusted risk ratio for a combination of high efforts and low rewards was 1.58 (95% CI 0.84-2.97) for 11 528 employees, and no reduction in the risk ratio was seen after further adjustments. For organizational injustice, the age-and gender-adjusted, and multiple-adjusted relative risks were 1.62 (95% CI 1.24-2.13) and 1.47 (95% CI 1.12-1.95), respectively, for a population of 7246 men and women. There was little standardization in the assessment of work stress within all three stress models, and significant heterogeneity in the effects of stress was observed between studies. Few studies were available for female samples. ConclusionsObservational data suggest an average 50% excess risk for CHD among employees with work stress. Further research is needed to confirm that a reduction in work stress will lead to a reduction in CHD risk.Key terms cardiovascular disease; effort-reward imbalance; job strain; mortality; organizational justice; prospective cohort study; psychosocial factors; systematic review; working population. Activation of the stress system in the hypothalamus and the brain stem helps the body to overcome the influence of short-term physical stressors. However, prolonged overactivity of these systems may cause wear and tear and play a role in coronary heart disease (CHD), infection, and accelerated aging (1). The recognition that the physiological reactions to stress cannot only protect, but also damage the body has provided a basis for epidemiologic research on work stress.Three models for work stress and coronary heart disease Work-stress models aim at describing factors that are likely to elicit harmful stress at work in a large proportion of employees. These factors are conceptualized at a level of generalization that allows for their identification in a wide range of occupations. The stress model most often cited and most widely tested is the two-dimensional job-strain model (2-4) ( Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease strain model adds...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assessment Of Coronary Heart Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease—a meta-analysis

Kivimäki¹,

Virtanen²,

Elovainio³

et al. 2006

Scand J Work Environ Health

787

561

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We chose to study the relationship between the concept of care and job characteristics using the DCS model (Johnson et al, 1989;Karasek and Theorell, 1990). This model has been used as a theoretical base when studying the effect of the implementation of resident-oriented care models in the past (Berkhout et al, 2003), although most of these studies have been conducted in general hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between small-scale nursing home care for people with dementia and staff's perceived job characteristics

Willemse

Depla

Smit

et al. 2014

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Background: Over the past few decades, new care models that are more resident-oriented and directed toward small-scale and homelike environments have been developed worldwide. The impact of these care models on the quality of life of residents has been studied. However, little research has been conducted to gain insight into how these new care models influence healthcare staff's work environment. This study focuses on the consequences of small-scale care on staff's perceived job characteristics.

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“…DL is a combination of skill discretion (learning new things, opportunities to develop skills, creativity, variety of activities, non-repetitive work) and decision authority (taking part in decisions affecting oneself, making one's own decisions, having a say on the job and having freedom as to how the work is accomplished). Poor social support (SS), as indicated by a lack of help and co-operation from supervisors and co-workers, was introduced by Johnson et al (1989) as a third component of the job strain model. The Siegrist ERI model (1996) proposes that extrinsic efforts (e.g., constant time pressure, many interruptions and disturbances, lot of responsibility, pressure to work overtime) should be rewarded in various ways: income, respect and esteem and occupational status control (job security, promotion prospects and unforced job change).…”

Section: The Current Paper Presents the Overall Design And The Main Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intervention Study on Psychosocial Work Factors and Mental Health and Musculoskeletal Outcomes

Gilbert-Ouimet¹,

Brisson²,

Vézina³

et al. 2011

hcpap

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Combined effects of job strain and social isolation on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in a random sample of the Swedish male working population.

Cited by 561 publications

References 24 publications

Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease—a meta-analysis

Work stress in the etiology of coronary heart disease—a meta-analysis

The relationship between small-scale nursing home care for people with dementia and staff's perceived job characteristics

Intervention Study on Psychosocial Work Factors and Mental Health and Musculoskeletal Outcomes

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